Turkish Law in EnglishTÜRKİYE
Turkish Code of Obligations

Article 47: 2. In the case of non-ratification

Division One: Obligations Arising from Contract A. Formation of the contract I. Declaration of intent

Where the represented person expressly or impliedly refuses to ratify the legal transaction, compensation for the damage arising from the invalidity of that transaction may be claimed from the unauthorised representative. However, if the unauthorised representative proves that, at the time the transaction was performed, the other party knew or ought to have known of the lack of authority, compensation for the damage may not be claimed from that representative.

If equity so requires, compensation for other damage may also be claimed from an unauthorised representative at fault.

Rights arising from unjust enrichment are reserved.

Original Turkish text

MADDE 47 · 2. Onamama hâlinde

Temsil olunanın açık veya örtülü olarak hukuki işlemi onamaması hâlinde, bu işlemin geçersiz olmasından doğan zararın giderilmesi, yetkisiz temsilciden istenebilir. Ancak, yetkisiz temsilci, işlemin yapıldığı sırada karşı tarafın, kendisinin yetkisiz olduğunu bildiğini veya bilmesi gerektiğini ispat ederse, kendisinden zararın giderilmesi istenemez.

Hakkaniyet gerektiriyorsa, kusurlu yetkisiz temsilciden diğer zararların giderilmesi de istenebilir.

Sebepsiz zenginleşmeden doğan haklar saklıdır.

Text as of 1 October 2026 · Official source (Turkish): mevzuat.gov.tr ↗

Unofficial translation for information only. The Turkish text published in the Official Gazette is the only authoritative version. This page is not legal advice.