Turkish law, article by article, in a language you can read
Full translations of the most consulted Turkish laws, laid out exactly as the statute is: parts, chapters, articles and paragraphs. Each article shows the original Turkish text beside it and every amendment is marked with its date and source.
Constitution and main codes
Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye
The supreme law of Türkiye, adopted in 1982, which establishes the form and fundamental principles of the State, sets out fundamental rights and duties, and regulates the organisation and powers of the legislative, executive and judicial organs.
198 articles →Full text availableTurkish Civil Code (Law No. 4721)
The Turkish Civil Code is the basic code of Turkish private law, governing the law of persons, family law, the law of succession and property law, together with general principles such as good faith and the burden of proof.
1031 articles →Full text availableTurkish Code of Obligations
The Turkish Code of Obligations governs the general law of obligations, including contracts, torts and unjust enrichment, together with the specific types of contracts such as sale, lease, employment, works, mandate and suretyship.
651 articles →Türk Ticaret Kanunu
1551 articles
Turkish Penal Code (Law No. 5237)
The Turkish Penal Code sets out the fundamental principles of criminal responsibility, the scope of application of Turkish criminal law, and the definitions of offences together with the penalties and security measures applicable to them.
349 articles →Full text availableCode on Private International and Procedural Law
The Turkish statute that decides which country's law governs a case with a foreign element (marriage, divorce, succession, contracts, employment, torts), when Turkish courts have jurisdiction, and how foreign judgments and arbitral awards are recognised and enforced in Türkiye.
66 articles →Foreigners, citizenship and residence
Turkish Citizenship Law
Law No. 5901 sets out the principles and procedures governing the acquisition and loss of Turkish citizenship, including citizenship by birth, naturalisation, marriage, adoption and the right of option, as well as renunciation, revocation, annulment and the conduct of citizenship services.
52 articles →Full text availableLaw on Foreigners and International Protection
Law No. 6458 regulates the entry, stay and exit of foreigners in Türkiye, visas and residence permits, deportation, and the scope and procedures of international and temporary protection for foreigners seeking protection from Türkiye.
134 articles →Full text availableInternational Labour Force Law
Law No. 6735 governs the determination, implementation and monitoring of Türkiye's international labour force policy, the procedures and principles for granting work permits, work permit exemptions and the Turquoise Card to foreigners, and the related powers, rights and obligations.
31 articles →Full text availablePassport Law
Law No. 5682 governs the entry into and exit from Türkiye of Turkish citizens and foreigners through designated border gates, and the types of Turkish passports and travel documents, the persons entitled to them, their validity periods and the authorities competent to issue them.
48 articles →Full text availableCivil Registration Services Law (Law No. 5490)
Governs the registration of births, deaths, marriages and other civil status events of Turkish citizens, Blue Card holders and foreigners, the keeping of civil registers and the national address database, and identity documents.
93 articles →Property, title deeds and construction
Land Registry Law (Law No. 2644)
This Law governs the registration of immovable property in the land register, including the competent representatives and documents for registration, land reclaimed from the sea and from lakes and rivers, the drawing up of official deeds and annotations, and the acquisition of immovable property and limited rights in rem by foreign natural persons and foreign-capital companies.
48 articles →Full text availableCondominium Ownership Law
Law No. 634 governs the establishment of condominium ownership and construction servitude over independent units of buildings, the rights and obligations of condominium owners, and the management of the main property.
88 articles →Full text availableZoning Law (Law No. 3194)
Law No. 3194 governs the planning of settlement areas and construction in Türkiye, setting out the hierarchy of spatial and zoning plans, the procedures for their preparation and approval, and the rules on building permits, inspection and land readjustment.
86 articles →Full text availableLaw No. 6306 on the Transformation of Areas under Disaster Risk
Governs the identification of risky buildings, risky areas and reserve building areas, and the procedures for their improvement, clearance, evacuation, demolition and renewal in order to create healthy and safe living environments.
35 articles →Full text availableExpropriation Law
Regulates the procedures by which the State and public legal persons expropriate privately owned immovable property where the public interest so requires, including the determination of the expropriation price, registration in the name of the administration, reacquisition of unused property, transfers between administrations and the resolution of related disputes.
69 articles →Courts and procedure
Code of Civil Procedure
Law No. 6100 governs procedure in civil litigation before Turkish courts, including subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction, the principles of proceedings, parties, evidence, judgments, legal remedies and arbitration.
453 articles →Full text availableEnforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004
Governs the organisation of enforcement and bankruptcy offices and enforcement courts, and the procedures for the compulsory collection of debts through enforcement of judgments, proceedings without judgment, attachment, sale and bankruptcy, as well as composition and related remedies.
401 articles →Full text availableCode of Criminal Procedure
Law No. 5271 regulates the rules governing the conduct of criminal proceedings in Türkiye, from investigation and prosecution to judgments and legal remedies, and the rights, powers and obligations of the persons taking part in them.
349 articles →Full text availableAdministrative Judicial Procedure Law
Law No. 2577 governs the procedure applicable to disputes before the Council of State, regional administrative courts, administrative courts and tax courts, including the types of administrative actions, time limits for filing actions, preliminary examination, hearings, decisions and legal remedies.
82 articles →Full text availableLaw No. 6325 on Mediation in Civil Disputes
Regulates the procedures and principles for resolving private law disputes through mediation, including the rights and obligations of mediators, the conduct and termination of mediation, mandatory mediation as a precondition to filing an action, and the enforceability of settlement agreements.
45 articles →Full text availableLabour Courts Law
Law No. 7036 regulates the establishment, subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction and procedure of labour courts in Türkiye, including mandatory mediation as a condition of action in employment disputes and the obligation to apply to the Social Security Institution before suing.
14 articles →Employment and social security
Labour Law No. 4857
Regulates the rights and obligations of employers and employees working under an employment contract, including employment contracts and their termination, wages, working time, temporary employment, and the supervision of working conditions.
137 articles →Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu
246 articles
Occupational Health and Safety Law
Law No. 6331 regulates the duties, powers, responsibilities, rights and obligations of employers and employees in order to ensure occupational health and safety at public and private sector workplaces and to improve existing health and safety conditions.
52 articles →Business, investment and intellectual property
Foreign Direct Investment Law
Law No. 4875 sets out the principles governing foreign direct investment in Türkiye, including freedom of investment, national treatment, protection against expropriation, free transfer of funds, dispute settlement and the notification-based information system. It also defines qualified service centres.
9 articles →Full text availableLaw No. 6502 on Consumer Protection
Regulates consumer transactions and practices directed at consumers, including unfair contract terms, defective goods and services, consumer contracts such as instalment, distance and off-premises sales, commercial advertising, consumer arbitration committees and consumer courts.
95 articles →Full text availableLaw on the Protection of Competition
Law No. 4054 prohibits agreements, concerted practices and decisions restricting competition, abuse of dominant position and anti-competitive mergers and acquisitions, and establishes the Competition Authority and Competition Board with powers of investigation and sanction.
72 articles →Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu
115 articles
Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu
180 articles
Law No. 1567 on the Protection of the Value of the Turkish Currency
Empowers the President of the Republic to regulate foreign exchange, precious metals and cross-border movements of currency and valuables in order to protect the value of the Turkish currency, and sets out the related permits, fees and administrative fines.
15 articles →Kamu İhale Kanunu
104 articles
Data, internet and e-commerce
Law on the Protection of Personal Data
Law No. 6698 regulates the processing of personal data in order to protect fundamental rights and freedoms, in particular privacy, and sets out the obligations of data controllers, the rights of data subjects, rules on transfers abroad and the Personal Data Protection Authority.
36 articles →Full text availableLaw on the Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Combating Offences Committed by Means of Such Publications
Regulates the obligations and responsibilities of content, hosting, access and mass use providers and social network providers, and the procedures for removing content and blocking access in order to combat certain offences committed on the internet.
27 articles →Full text availableLaw No. 6563 on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce
Regulates the principles and procedures of electronic commerce in Türkiye, including commercial communication and commercial electronic messages, information and ordering obligations in contracts concluded by electronic means, the responsibilities of service providers and intermediary service providers (including marketplaces), and the Ministry of Trade's supervisory powers and sanctions.
22 articles →Full text availableElectronic Signature Law No. 5070
Regulates the legal and technical aspects and use of electronic signatures, the activities and liability of electronic certificate service providers, qualified electronic certificates, and electronic seals.
28 articles →Tax
Vergi Usul Kanunu
452 articles
Gelir Vergisi Kanunu
239 articles
Corporate Tax Law
77 articles
Value Added Tax Law
Law No. 3065 governs value added tax in Türkiye: the taxable transactions, taxpayers and persons liable for tax, the chargeable event, exemptions, the tax base and rates, deduction and refund, and the procedures for declaration and payment.
114 articles →Full text availableInheritance and Transfer Tax Law
Law No. 7338 governs the tax levied on property transferred by way of inheritance or gratuitously, including taxpayers, exemptions and exceptions, tax returns, the tax base and rates, and collection.
30 articles →Full text availableLaw on Fees
Law No. 492 regulates the fees collected by the State for judicial, notarial, tax judiciary, land registry and cadastre, consular, passport and residence, ship and port, licence and traffic transactions, including liability, exemptions, bases and rates of assessment, and payment.
158 articles →Full text availableReal Estate Tax Law (Law No. 1319)
This Law governs the Building Tax and Land Tax levied on buildings, lands and building plots located in Türkiye, including taxpayers, exemptions, tax base, rates, assessment, accrual and payment.
80 articles →Full text availableLaw No. 6183 on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Receivables
Governs the procedure by which the State, special provincial administrations and municipalities collect taxes, fines and other public receivables, including security, precautionary attachment and assessment, annulment of the debtor's dispositions, and compulsory enforcement.
142 articles →Public order, family protection and enforcement of sentences
Law on Misdemeanours
Lays down the general principles relating to misdemeanours, the types and consequences of administrative sanctions (administrative fines and administrative measures such as forfeiture), the decision-making process, legal remedies and the enforcement of administrative sanction decisions, and defines various misdemeanours.
53 articles →Karayolları Trafik Kanunu
193 articles
Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Kanun
139 articles
Law on the Protection of the Family and the Prevention of Violence against Women
This Law regulates the protective and preventive measures that may be taken by local administrative chiefs, judges and law enforcement for women, children, family members and stalking victims exposed to or at risk of violence, together with the support services of violence prevention and monitoring centres.
26 articles →Legal professions
Avukatlık Kanunu
231 articles
Noterlik Kanunu
238 articles
How to read these translations
The Turkish text prevails
These are unofficial translations prepared for understanding. Only the Turkish text published in the Official Gazette has legal force.
Paragraph numbers are kept
Paragraphs (1), (2) and sub-paragraphs a), b), ç) follow the original exactly, so you can cite them as Turkish courts do.
Amendments are dated
Where a paragraph has been amended, the translation notes the amending law and the date.
Unofficial translation for information only. The Turkish text published in the Official Gazette is the only authoritative version. This page is not legal advice.