Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection

(1) The purpose of this Law is to regulate matters concerning the taking of measures, in conformity with the public interest, that protect the health, safety and economic interests of consumers, compensate their losses, ensure their protection against environmental hazards, and inform and raise the awareness of consumers, as well as encouraging consumers' initiatives to protect themselves and promoting voluntary organisation in the formulation of policies on these matters.

(1) This Law covers all kinds of consumer transactions and practices directed at consumers.

(1) In the application of this Law;

a) Minister: means the Minister of Customs and Trade,

b) Ministry: means the Ministry of Customs and Trade,

c) Director General: means the Director General of Consumer Protection and Market Surveillance,

ç) Directorate General: means the Directorate General of Consumer Protection and Market Surveillance,

d) Service: means the subject matter of any consumer transaction, other than the supply of goods, that is performed or undertaken to be performed in return for a fee or benefit,

e) Importer: means the natural or legal person, including public legal persons, who places goods or services, or the raw materials or intermediate goods of such goods, on the market by importing them for commercial or professional purposes through sale, lease, financial leasing or a similar means,

f) Durable data medium: means any instrument or medium, such as short message, electronic mail, internet, disk, CD, DVD, memory card and the like, that enables information sent by or to the consumer to be recorded in a manner allowing it to be examined for a reasonable period appropriate to the purpose of that information and to be copied unchanged, and that allows access to that information in identical form,

g) Housing finance institution: means banks that extend credit or provide financial leasing directly to consumers within the scope of housing finance, and financial leasing companies and financing companies that the Banking Regulation and Supervision Board has deemed suitable to engage in housing finance activities,

ğ) Creditor: means the natural or legal person authorised under the legislation to extend credit to consumers,

h) Goods: means movable property, immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes, and all kinds of intangible goods, such as software, sound, image and the like, prepared for use in electronic media, which are the subject of a purchase,

ı) Provider: means the natural or legal person, including public legal persons, who offers services to consumers for commercial or professional purposes or who acts in the name or on behalf of the person offering services,

i) Seller: means the natural or legal person, including public legal persons, who offers goods to consumers for commercial or professional purposes or who acts in the name or on behalf of the person offering goods,

j) Technical regulation: means the definition contained in the Law No. 4703 of 29/6/2001 on the Preparation and Implementation of Technical Legislation on Products,

k) Consumer: means the natural or legal person acting for non-commercial or non-professional purposes,

l) Consumer transaction: means all kinds of contracts and legal transactions, including contracts for work, carriage, brokerage, insurance, mandate, banking and similar contracts, concluded in goods or services markets between consumers and natural or legal persons, including public legal persons, acting for commercial or professional purposes or acting in their name or on their behalf,

m) Consumer organisations: means associations, foundations, or their umbrella organisations, established for the purpose of consumer protection,

n) Producer: means those who produce the goods offered to consumers or the raw materials or intermediate goods of such goods, and the natural or legal person, including public legal persons, who presents itself as the producer by placing its trademark, trade name or any distinguishing sign on the goods,

(as defined above).

(1) Contracts and information that are required under this Law to be drawn up in writing shall be drawn up in a font size of at least twelve points, in an intelligible language, in a clear, plain and legible manner, and a copy thereof shall be given to the consumer on paper or by means of a durable data medium. Where one or more of the terms required to be contained in the contract are absent, the deficiency shall not affect the validity of the contract. Such deficiency shall be remedied immediately by the party drawing up the contract.

(2) The conditions provided for in the contract may not be changed to the detriment of the consumer during the term of the contract.

(3) No additional charge may be demanded from the consumer for performances which the consumer rightfully expects to be rendered within the scope of the goods or services offered to him and which fall within the legal obligations of the party drawing up the contract, nor for expenses incurred by the party drawing up the contract in its own interest. As regards products or services offered to consumers by banks, financial institutions extending consumer credit and card issuing institutions, all types of fees, commissions and expenses to be charged to the consumer other than interest, and the procedures and principles relating thereto, shall be determined by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, after obtaining the opinion of the Ministry, in accordance with the spirit of this Law and in a manner protecting the consumer.

(4) Information concerning all fees and expenses to be demanded from the consumer pursuant to contracts regulated by this Law must be given to the consumer in writing on paper as an annex to the contract. In contracts concluded by means of distance communication, such information shall be given in a manner appropriate to the distance communication means used. The burden of proving that such information has been given to the consumer lies with the party drawing up the contract.

(5) In respect of transactions entered into by the consumer, promissory notes having the nature of negotiable instruments may be issued only in registered form and separately for each instalment payment. Promissory notes issued in breach of the provisions of this paragraph shall be invalid with respect to the consumer.

(6) In consumer transactions, personal guarantees taken in return for the consumer's performances shall be deemed ordinary suretyship under whatever name they may be given. Personal guarantees given by the other party in respect of the consumer's receivables shall be deemed joint and several suretyship, unless otherwise provided in other laws.

(7) Compound interest shall not be applied in consumer transactions, including in the event of default.

(8) This Law also covers participation banks with respect to all its provisions. Application shall be made by taking profit share into account.

(1) An unfair term is a contractual term which has been included in the contract without being negotiated with the consumer and which, contrary to the rule of good faith, causes an imbalance to the detriment of the consumer in the parties' rights and obligations arising from the contract.

(2) Unfair terms contained in contracts concluded with consumers shall be absolutely null and void. The provisions of the contract other than the unfair terms shall remain valid. In this case, the party drawing up the contract may not claim that it would not have concluded the contract with the other provisions had the terms deemed absolutely null and void not existed.

(3) Where a contractual term has been drafted in advance and the consumer has therefore been unable to influence its content because it is contained in a standard contract, that contractual term shall be deemed not to have been negotiated with the consumer. Where the party drawing up the contract claims that a standard term has been individually negotiated, it shall bear the burden of proving this. Where an overall assessment of the contract leads to the conclusion that it is a standard contract, the fact that certain elements of a term or an individual provision in that contract have been negotiated shall not preclude the application of this Article to the remainder of the contract.

(4) Where the contractual terms are in writing, a clear and intelligible language that the consumer can understand must have been used. Where a provision in the contract is not clear and intelligible or has more than one meaning, that provision shall be interpreted in favour of the consumer.

(5) The provisions of this Article shall also apply, irrespective of their nature, to contracts drawn up by persons or institutions carrying on their activities under a law or under permission granted by the competent authorities.

(6) The unfairness of a contractual term shall be determined as at the time the contract was concluded, by taking into account the nature of the goods or services that are the subject of the contract, the circumstances existing at the conclusion of the contract, and the other provisions of the contract or the provisions of another contract to which the unfair term relates.

(7) In assessing the unfairness of contractual terms, provided that such terms are written in a clear and intelligible language, no assessment may be made concerning the balance either between the principal performance obligations arising from the contract or between the market value of the goods or services and the price determined in the contract.

(8) The Ministry shall take the necessary measures to ensure that unfair terms contained in contracts prepared for general use are removed from contract texts or that their use is prevented.

(9) The procedures and principles relating to the identification and supervision of unfair terms, and, on a non-exhaustive basis, the contractual terms deemed to be unfair, shall be determined by regulation.

(1) The sale of goods displayed in a shop window, on a shelf, in electronic media or in any clearly visible place may not be refused unless a statement indicating that they are not for sale has been included.

(2) The provision of a service may not be refused without a justified reason.

(3) Persons acting for commercial or professional purposes may not, in the absence of a contrary practice, commercial custom or usage, or a justified reason, make the sale of goods or services conditional upon conditions determined by them, such as quantity, number or size of those goods or services, or upon the purchase of other goods or services.

(4) The Ministry and municipalities shall be responsible for carrying out the tasks relating to the application and monitoring of the provisions of this Article.

(1) Where unsolicited goods are sent or unsolicited services are provided, no right may be asserted against the consumer. In such cases, the consumer's silence or the consumer's use of the goods or services may not be interpreted as a declaration of acceptance for the conclusion of a contract. The consumer shall have no obligation to return or keep the goods.

(2) A person who claims that goods or services were ordered shall bear the burden of proving that claim.

(1) Defective goods are goods which, at the time of delivery to the consumer, do not conform to the contract because they do not correspond to the sample or model agreed upon by the parties or do not possess the characteristics they objectively ought to have.

(2) Goods which do not possess one or more of the characteristics stated on their packaging, label, instructions for introduction and use, internet portal or in advertisements and announcements; which are contrary to the quality notified by the seller or laid down in their technical regulation; or which contain material, legal or economic deficiencies that fail to serve the intended use of equivalent goods or that diminish or eliminate the benefits reasonably expected by the consumer, shall also be deemed defective.

(3) Failure to deliver the goods that are the subject of the contract within the period agreed in the contract, or, in cases where the installation of the goods is carried out by the seller or under its responsibility, failure to install them properly, shall be considered non-conforming performance of the contract. Where the installation of the goods is intended to be carried out by the consumer and the installation is carried out incorrectly due to an error or deficiency in the installation instructions, there shall be non-conforming performance of the contract.

(1) The seller shall be obliged to deliver the goods to the consumer in conformity with the sales contract.

(2) The seller shall not be bound by the content of a statement made by way of advertising that did not originate from it if it proves that it was not aware of, and could not reasonably be expected to have been aware of, the statement, or that the content of the statement had been corrected at the time of conclusion of the sales contract, or that the decision to conclude the sales contract was not causally connected with that statement.

(1) Defects that become apparent within six months from the date of delivery shall be presumed to have existed on the date of delivery. In this case, the burden of proving that the goods are not defective lies with the seller. This presumption shall not apply where it is incompatible with the nature of the goods or of the defect.

(2) Where the consumer was aware of the defect at the date of conclusion of the contract, or could have been expected to be aware of it, there shall be no non-conformity with the contract. The consumer's optional rights in respect of other defects are reserved.

(3) A label containing explanatory information on the defect of the goods shall be affixed by the producer, importer or seller to the defective goods to be offered for sale, or to their packaging, in a manner that the consumer can easily read. It is mandatory that this label be given to the consumer or that the explanatory information on the defect be clearly shown on the invoice, receipt or sales document given to the consumer. Products not conforming to their technical regulation, however, may not be placed on the market under any circumstances. The provisions of the Law on the Preparation and Implementation of Technical Legislation on Products and other relevant legislation shall apply to such products.

(1) Where it is established that the goods are defective, the consumer may exercise one of the following optional rights:

a) to withdraw from the contract by declaring readiness to return the goods sold,

b) to retain the goods sold and request a reduction of the sale price in proportion to the defect,

c) to request free repair of the goods sold, all expenses being borne by the seller, provided this does not require excessive expense,

ç) where possible, to request replacement of the goods sold with a defect-free equivalent,

(the foregoing being the consumer's optional rights). The seller shall be obliged to fulfil the request preferred by the consumer.

(2) The rights to free repair or to replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent may also be exercised against the producer or importer. The seller, producer and importer shall be jointly and severally liable for fulfilling the rights under this paragraph. The producer or importer shall not be held liable if it proves that the defect arose after the goods were placed on the market by it.

(3) Where free repair or replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent would entail disproportionate difficulties for the seller, the consumer may exercise one of the rights to withdraw from the contract or to a reduction of the price in proportion to the defect. In determining disproportionality, matters such as the value of the goods without the defect, the significance of the defect, and whether recourse to the other optional rights would cause problems for the consumer shall be taken into account.

(4) Where one of the rights to free repair or to replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent is chosen, the request must be fulfilled within a maximum of thirty working days, or sixty working days in the case of immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes, from the time the request is addressed to the seller, producer or importer. However, the consumer's request for free repair concerning goods included in the list annexed to the regulation issued pursuant to Article 58 of this Law shall be fulfilled within the maximum repair period determined in the regulation. Otherwise, the consumer shall be free to exercise its other optional rights.

(5) Where the consumer chooses the right to withdraw from the contract or to a reduction of the price in proportion to the defect, the entire price paid or the amount of the reduction made in the price shall be refunded to the consumer immediately.

(6) All expenses arising from the exercise of the optional rights shall be borne by the party fulfilling the right chosen by the consumer. Together with one of these optional rights, the consumer may also claim compensation pursuant to the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098 of 11/1/2011.

(1) Unless a longer period is laid down in laws or in the contract between the parties, liability for defective goods shall be subject to a limitation period of two years from the date of delivery of the goods to the consumer, even if the defect becomes apparent later. In the case of immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes, this period shall be five years from the date of delivery of the immovable property.

(2) Without prejudice to paragraph 3 of Article 10 of this Law, in second-hand sales the seller's liability for defective goods may not be less than one year, or less than three years in the case of immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes.

(3) The provisions on limitation shall not apply where the defect has been concealed through gross negligence or fraud.

(1) A defective service is a service which does not conform to the contract because it does not commence within the period determined in the contract or does not possess the characteristics agreed upon by the parties and which it objectively ought to have.

(2) Services which do not possess the characteristics notified by the service provider or stated on its internet portal or in advertisements and announcements, or which contain material, legal or economic deficiencies that diminish or eliminate their value in terms of their intended use or the benefits the consumer reasonably expects from them, are defective.

(1) The provider shall be obliged to perform the service in conformity with the contract.

(2) The provider shall not be bound by the content of a statement made by way of advertising that did not originate from it if it proves that it was not aware of, and could not reasonably be expected to have been aware of, the statement, or that the content of the statement had been corrected on the date the service contract was concluded, or that the decision to conclude the service contract was not causally connected with that statement.

(1) Where the service has been performed defectively, the consumer shall be free to exercise against the provider one of the rights to re-performance of the service, free repair of the work resulting from the service, a reduction of the price in proportion to the defect, or withdrawal from the contract. The provider shall be obliged to fulfil the request preferred by the consumer. All expenses arising from the exercise of the optional rights shall be borne by the provider. Together with one of these optional rights, the consumer may also claim compensation pursuant to the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations.

(2) Where free repair or re-performance of the service would entail disproportionate difficulties for the provider, the consumer may not exercise these rights. In determining disproportionality, matters such as the value of the service without the defect, the significance of the defect, and whether recourse to the other optional rights would cause problems for the consumer shall be taken into account.

(3) Where the consumer chooses the right to withdraw from the contract or to a reduction of the price in proportion to the defect, the entire price paid or the amount by which the price has been reduced shall be refunded to the consumer immediately.

(4) Where free repair or re-performance of the service is chosen, the provider shall fulfil the request within a period that may be deemed reasonable, having regard to the nature of the service and the purpose for which the consumer intends to benefit from it, and in a manner that does not cause serious problems for the consumer. In any event, this period may not exceed thirty working days from the time the request is addressed to the provider. Otherwise, the consumer shall be free to exercise its other optional rights.

(1) Unless a longer period is laid down in laws or in the contract between the parties, liability for defective services shall be subject to a limitation period of two years from the date of performance of the service, even if the defect becomes apparent later.

(2) The provisions on limitation shall not apply where the defect has been concealed through gross negligence or fraud.

(1) Instalment sales contracts are contracts under which the seller or provider undertakes the delivery of goods or the performance of services and the consumer pays the price in instalments.

(2) The provisions of this Chapter shall also apply to financial leasing contracts under which the consumer is obliged to acquire ownership of goods at the end of the lease term.

(3) An instalment sales contract shall not be valid unless concluded in writing. A seller or provider who has not concluded a valid contract may not subsequently assert the invalidity of the contract to the detriment of the consumer.

(1) The consumer has the right to withdraw from the instalment sales contract within seven days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty clause.

(2) It is sufficient that the notice that the right of withdrawal has been exercised is sent to the seller or provider within this period. The seller or provider is obliged to prove that the consumer has been informed about the right of withdrawal.

(3) If the seller has delivered the goods to the consumer within the withdrawal period, the consumer may use the goods only to the extent required by an ordinary inspection; otherwise, the consumer cannot exercise the right of withdrawal. In service contracts in which performance of the service has begun with the consumer's approval before the expiry of the withdrawal period, the consumer likewise cannot exercise the right of withdrawal.

(4) The right of withdrawal cannot be exercised in financial leasing transactions in which the consumer has found the seller.

(1) Where, in instalment sales contracts, the consumer defaults in paying the instalments and the seller or provider has reserved the right to demand performance of the entire remaining debt, this right may be exercised only if the seller or provider has performed all of its obligations and the consumer has defaulted in paying at least two consecutive instalments constituting at least one tenth of the price stated in the contract, or one instalment constituting at least one quarter of it. In order for the seller or provider to exercise this right, it is mandatory to give the consumer a warning of acceleration granting a period of at least thirty days.

(2) Interest, commission and similar charges shall not be taken into account in calculating the accelerated instalments.

(1) The consumer may pay the total amount owed in advance, and may also pay one or more instalments that have not yet fallen due. In both cases, where the seller or provider charges interest or commission, it is obliged to make all necessary reductions of interest and commission in proportion to the amount paid.

(1) The provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations on prepaid instalment sales shall apply to contracts in which the consumer undertakes to pay the sale price of a movable good in advance in parts and the seller undertakes to deliver the item sold to the consumer after the price has been paid in full, and in which the payment period is longer than one year or indefinite.

(2) The procedures and principles concerning the mandatory content of the contract, the rights and obligations of the consumer and of the seller and provider, the right of withdrawal, early payment and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A consumer credit contract means a contract under which the lender grants or undertakes to grant credit to the consumer, in return for interest or a similar benefit, by means of deferred payment, a loan or similar forms of financing.

(2) Credit card contracts shall be regarded as consumer credit contracts where, in return for interest or a similar benefit, payment is deferred for more than three months or the possibility of payment in instalments is similarly provided. However, in this case, the interest rate to be applied cannot exceed the rate determined under the credit card contract.

(3) A consumer credit contract is not valid unless it is concluded in writing or at a distance. A lender that has not concluded a valid contract cannot subsequently invoke the invalidity of the contract to the detriment of the consumer.

(1) The lender and, if any, the credit intermediary are obliged to give the consumer, a reasonable time before the conclusion of the contract, the pre-contractual information form containing the terms of the credit contract they offer.

(1) The consumer has the right to withdraw from the consumer credit contract within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty clause.

(2) The lender is obliged to prove that the consumer has been informed of the existence of the right of withdrawal. It is sufficient that the notice that the right of withdrawal has been exercised is sent to the lender within the withdrawal period. Added sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 2 Where the entire credit debt is repaid early within the withdrawal period, the provisions of this Article shall apply without any notice being required.

(3) Where the consumer exercising the right of withdrawal has made use of the credit, the consumer shall repay the principal and the interest accrued for the period from the date on which the credit was drawn to the date on which the principal is repaid, at the latest within thirty days after sending the notice of withdrawal to the lender. If payment is not made within this period, the consumer shall be deemed not to have withdrawn from the consumer credit. Interest shall be calculated according to the contractual interest rate. No amount may be demanded from the consumer other than the calculated contractual interest and the charges paid to a public institution or organisation or to third parties.

(1) In fixed-term consumer credit contracts, the interest rate shall be determined as fixed. This rate, determined on the date the contract is concluded, cannot be changed to the detriment of the consumer.

(2) Where the contractual interest, the annual percentage rate or the total cost of the credit is not stated in consumer credit contracts, the credit amount shall be used free of interest until the end of the contract term. If the annual percentage rate has been shown lower than it actually is, the contractual interest rate to be taken as the basis for calculating the total cost of the credit shall be redetermined so as to correspond to the annual percentage rate shown lower. In these cases, the payment schedule shall be rearranged according to the changes made.

(1) The terms of a fixed-term credit contract cannot be changed to the detriment of the consumer.

(2) Where the interest rate is increased in open-ended credit contracts, it is mandatory to notify the consumer in writing, on paper or by means of a durable medium, thirty days before this change enters into force. This notice shall include details concerning the change in the amount, number and intervals of the payments to be made after the new interest rate enters into force. Where the interest rate is increased, the new interest rate cannot be applied retroactively. The consumer shall not be affected by the interest increase if, at the latest within sixty days from the date of notice, the consumer pays the entire debt and ceases to use the credit.

(1) The consumer may pay one or more instalments that have not yet fallen due or may repay the entire credit debt early. In these cases, the lender is obliged to make all necessary reductions of interest and other cost elements in proportion to the amount paid early.

(1) Where, in fixed-term credit contracts, the consumer defaults in paying the instalments and the lender has reserved the right to demand performance of the entire debt, this right may be exercised only if the lender has performed all of its obligations and the consumer has defaulted in paying at least two consecutive instalments. In order for the lender to exercise this right, it is mandatory to give the consumer a warning of acceleration granting a period of at least thirty days.

(2) Interest, commission and similar charges shall not be taken into account in calculating the accelerated instalments.

Amended together with its heading: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 4

(1) Credit-linked insurance cannot be taken out without the consumer's explicit request made in writing or by means of a durable medium. The lender may offer the consumer a credit contract that includes taking out credit-linked insurance, provided that it also offers the consumer a contract that does not include credit-linked insurance.

(2) The lender is obliged to accept the cover obtained by the consumer from the insurance company of the consumer's choice. Credit-linked insurance must, for the purpose of securing repayment of the credit debt, be consistent, in sum insurances, with the remaining debt amount and its maturity.

(3) A consumer credit contract cannot be made conditional upon the purchase of ancillary financial products and services, except those related to the credit.

(1) A linked credit contract is a contract in which the consumer credit is granted exclusively to finance a contract for the supply of specific goods or a specific service and these two contracts objectively form an economic unit.

(2) The existence of an economic unit shall be accepted where at least one of the following situations exists:

a) The seller or provider finances the credit for the consumer,

b) In the case of financing by a third party, the lender uses the services of the seller or provider in connection with the signing or preparation of the credit contract,

c) The provision of specific goods or a specific service is explicitly specified in the credit contract.

(3) Where the consumer withdraws from the contract for the supply of goods or services and the notice thereof is also sent separately to the lender within the withdrawal period, the linked credit contract shall also terminate without any obligation to pay compensation or a penalty clause.

(4) In linked credits, if the goods or service are not delivered or performed at all or not properly, the seller, the provider and the lender are jointly and severally liable where the consumer exercises the right to rescind the sales contract or to a price reduction. Where the consumer exercises the right to a price reduction, the linked credit shall also be reduced in the same proportion and the payment schedule shall be amended accordingly. Where the consumer exercises the right to rescind the contract, the seller, the provider and the lender are jointly and severally liable for the refund of the payments made by the consumer up to that date. However, the liability of the lender is for one year, limited to the amount of credit used, running, where the goods have not been delivered or the service has not been performed, from the delivery or performance date stated in the sales contract or in the linked credit contract, and, where the goods have been delivered or the service has been performed, from the date of delivery of the goods or performance of the service.

(5) Credits extended by way of payment by the lender of the price of goods or a service determined by the consumer himself or herself, without a contract between the lender and the seller or provider concerning the supply of specific goods or a specific service, shall not be deemed linked credits.

(1) Where an account is opened in connection with a fixed-term credit contract and only credit-related transactions are carried out through this account, no fee or charge under any name may be demanded from the consumer in respect of this account. Unless the consumer requests otherwise in writing or by means of a durable medium, this account shall be closed upon repayment of the credit.

(2) No overdraft account contract linked to a fixed-term credit contract may be concluded without the consumer's explicit instruction.

(3) Card issuers are obliged to offer consumers a type of credit card for which they do not collect a fee under the name of annual membership fee or a similar name.

(4) The procedures and principles concerning pre-contractual information, the mandatory content of the contract, contracts outside the scope, the rights and obligations of the consumer and the lender, the right of withdrawal, early repayment, the calculation of the annual percentage rate, the mandatory content of advertisements relating to consumer credits, the exercise of the right of termination, default, assignment of the credit, linked credit and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A housing finance contract is a contract for the purpose of enabling consumers to acquire housing, aimed at extending credit to consumers, leasing housing to consumers by way of financial leasing, extending credit to consumers secured by housing they own, and extending credit for the refinancing of such credits.

(2) A housing finance contract is not valid unless it is concluded in writing or at a distance. A housing finance institution that has not concluded a valid contract cannot subsequently invoke the invalidity of the contract to the detriment of the consumer.

(1) Housing finance institutions are obliged to give the consumer, a reasonable time before the conclusion of the contract, the pre-contractual information form containing the terms of the housing finance contract.

(1) Where the consumer defaults in paying the instalments and the housing finance institution has reserved the right to demand performance of the entire remaining debt, this right may be exercised only if the housing finance institution has performed all of its obligations and the consumer has defaulted in paying at least two consecutive instalments. In order for the housing finance institution to exercise this right, it must give the consumer a warning of acceleration granting a period of at least thirty days.

(2) Interest, commission and similar charges shall not be taken into account in calculating the accelerated instalments.

(3) In financial leasing transactions, where the consumer fails to perform within the period granted in the warning of acceleration and, following the expiry of this period, the housing finance institution terminates the housing finance contract in order to exercise its right to demand performance of the entire remaining debt, it is obliged to put the housing up for sale immediately. Before the sale, the housing finance institution shall have a valuation of the housing carried out by persons or institutions authorised under Capital Markets Law No. 6362 of 6/12/2012. The appraised value shall be notified to the consumer at least ten business days before the sale. The housing finance institution shall carry out the sale of the housing acting as a prudent merchant, taking into account the appraised value. Where the price obtained from the sale of the housing exceeds the remaining debt, the excess shall be paid to the consumer immediately. Article 33 of Law No. 6361 of 21/11/2012 on Financial Leasing, Factoring and Financing Companies shall not apply to financial leasing transactions for housing finance.

(4) Following the sale of the housing under paragraph 3 of this Article and the payment to the consumer of the part of the price obtained, if any, exceeding the remaining debt, the consumer or, where possession has been transferred, the third parties holding possession are obliged to vacate the housing. If the housing is not vacated, the owner of the housing may initiate enforcement proceedings against the consumer or the third parties holding possession pursuant to Articles 26 and 27 of Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004 of 9/6/1932.

(1) A linked credit contract is a contract in which the housing finance credit is granted exclusively to finance a contract in the case of the purchase of a specific dwelling and these two contracts objectively form an economic unit.

(2) In linked credits, where the consumer exercises one of the elective rights set out in Article 11 of this Law because the housing has not been delivered at all or not properly, the seller and the housing finance institution are jointly and severally liable. However, the liability of the housing finance institution is for one year, limited to the amount of credit used, running, where the housing has not been delivered, from the housing delivery date stated in the housing sales contract or in the linked credit contract, and, where the housing has been delivered, from the date on which the housing was delivered.

(3) The liability of the lending housing finance institution continues even where the credits extended by housing finance institutions are transferred to mortgage finance institutions, housing finance funds or collateral pools of mortgage-covered securities. The institution taking over the credit shall not be liable under this Article.

(4) Credits extended by way of payment by the lending housing finance institution of the price of housing determined by the consumer himself or herself, without a contract between the housing finance institution and the seller concerning the supply of specific housing, shall not be deemed linked credits.

(1) The part of the repayment amounts in credits, and of the lease payments in financial leasing transactions, that exceeds the principal shall be regarded as interest for the purposes of this Article.

(2) In credits for housing finance and in financial leasing transactions, the interest rate may, by being specified in the contract, be determined as fixed or variable, or on the basis of both methods for the same credit. Where the interest rate is determined as fixed, the rate determined on the date the contract is concluded cannot be changed without the consent of the parties. Where the rate is determined as variable, the rate initially determined in the contract may be changed, provided that the periodic repayment amount does not exceed the maximum periodic repayment amount initially determined in the contract, on the basis of the lowest of the generally accepted and widely used domestic or foreign indices to be specified in the contract. Where rates are determined as variable, it is mandatory that consumers be informed of the likely effects of this method. The reference interest rates and indices that may be used for these purposes shall be determined by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye.

(1) The consumer may pay one or more instalments that have not yet fallen due, and may also repay the entire housing finance debt early. In these cases, the housing finance institution is obliged to make all necessary reductions of interest and other cost elements in proportion to the amount paid early.

(2) Where the interest rate is determined as fixed, the housing finance institution may, if so provided in the contract, demand early repayment compensation from the consumer where one or more payments are made before their due date. Early repayment compensation cannot exceed one percent, for credits with a remaining term not exceeding thirty-six months, or two percent, for credits with a remaining term exceeding thirty-six months, of the amount paid early by the consumer to the housing finance institution as calculated after making the necessary interest reduction. Where rates are determined as variable, no early repayment compensation may be demanded from the consumer.

Amended together with its heading: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 5

(1) Credit-linked insurance cannot be taken out without the consumer's explicit request made in writing or by means of a durable medium. The housing finance institution may offer the consumer a housing finance contract that includes taking out credit-linked insurance, provided that it also offers the consumer a contract that does not include credit-linked insurance.

(2) The housing finance institution is obliged to accept the cover obtained by the consumer from the insurance company of the consumer's choice. Credit-linked insurance must, for the purpose of securing repayment of the credit debt, be consistent, in sum insurances, with the remaining debt amount and its maturity.

(3) A housing finance contract cannot be made conditional upon the purchase of ancillary financial products and services, except those related to the credit.

(1) Where an account is opened in connection with a housing finance contract and only credit-related transactions are carried out through this account, no fee or charge under any name may be demanded from the consumer in respect of this account. Unless the consumer requests otherwise in writing or by means of a durable medium, this account shall be closed upon repayment of the credit.

(2) No overdraft account contract linked to a housing finance contract may be concluded without the consumer's explicit instruction.

(3) In the application of the provisions of this Chapter, natural person members of housing construction cooperatives shall also be regarded as consumers.

(4) The procedures and principles concerning pre-contractual information, the rights and obligations of the consumer and the housing finance institution, the mandatory content of the contract, housing finance advertisements, refinancing, linked credit, default, early repayment, the calculation of the annual cost rate and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A prepaid housing sales contract is a contract in which the consumer undertakes to pay the sale price of an immovable intended for housing in advance, in cash or in instalments, and the seller undertakes to transfer or deliver the immovable to the consumer after the price has been paid in full or in part.

(2) Consumers must be given, at least one day before the conclusion of the contract, a preliminary information form containing the matters determined by the Ministry.

(3) No prepaid housing sales contract may be concluded with consumers before a building permit has been obtained.

(1) It is mandatory that the sale of a pre-paid residence be registered in the land register, and that a promise-to-sell contract be executed before a notary in the form of a notarial deed. Otherwise, the seller may not subsequently invoke the invalidity of the contract to the detriment of the consumer.

(2) Unless a valid contract has been concluded, the seller may not request the consumer to make any payment under any name whatsoever or to provide any document that places the consumer under a debt.

(1) For projects exceeding the size to be determined by the Ministry according to the criterion of the number of residences in the project or the total price of the project, it is mandatory that, before commencing pre-paid residence sales, the seller take out building completion insurance, the scope, conditions and implementation principles of which are determined by the Undersecretariat of Treasury, or provide the other guarantees and conditions determined by the Ministry.

(2) The compensation, guarantees and similar securities provided under building completion insurance may not be included in the bankruptcy or liquidation estate, may not be attached, and may not be subjected to an interim injunction or a precautionary attachment.

(1) The consumer has the right to withdraw from the pre-paid residence sales contract within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. It is sufficient that the notice of exercise of the right of withdrawal be addressed to the seller within this period. The seller bears the obligation to prove that the consumer has been informed of the right of withdrawal.

(2) Where the immovable is purchased partly or entirely with a linked credit, the linked credit agreement enters into force at the end of the withdrawal period provided for in this Article, with effect from the date on which the contract was concluded. The housing finance institution may not demand from the consumer any expense under the name of interest, commission, legal obligation or similar names during the withdrawal period.

(3) The consumer shall return what he or she has received within ten days from the date on which the seller returns the price received and every document placing the consumer under a debt.

(1) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 6 It is mandatory that the pre-paid residence be delivered to the consumer within the period undertaken in the contract. In any event, this period may not exceed forty-eight months from the date of the contract. Where possession is transferred together with the registration of the construction servitude in the land register in the name of the consumer, the transfer and delivery shall also be deemed to have been made.

(1) Amended: 2/1/2017, Decree-Law No. 684, Art. 8; adopted without amendment: 1/2/2018, Law No. 7074, Art. 8 In pre-paid residence sales, the consumer has the right to rescind the contract without giving any reason up to twenty-four months from the date of the contract. Where the contract is rescinded, the seller may request payment of the expenses arising from taxes, fees and similar legal obligations incurred due to the sale of the residence or the promise-to-sell contract, together with compensation of up to two percent of the contract price for the first three months from the date of the contract, up to four percent for the period between three and six months, up to six percent for the period between six and twelve months, and up to eight percent for the period between twelve and twenty-four months.

(2) If the seller fails to perform its obligations at all or properly, it may not demand any amount from the consumer. No amount may be demanded from the consumer in cases where the contract is rescinded because the consumer has died or has become unable to make the pre-payments due to being permanently deprived of the ability to earn income, or because the seller has not accepted the consumer's proposal to replace the contract with an instalment sales contract to be concluded under ordinary conditions.

(3) Where the contract is rescinded, the amount to be refunded to the consumer and every document placing the consumer under a debt shall be returned to the consumer within one hundred and eighty days at the latest from the date on which the notice of rescission reaches the seller. The consumer shall return what he or she has received within ten days from the date on which the seller returns the price received and every document placing the consumer under a debt.

(1) Pre-contractual information, the mandatory content of the contract, the rights and obligations of the consumer and the seller, the right of withdrawal and rescission of the contract, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Contracts between the seller or provider and the consumer that are:

a) concluded outside business premises in the simultaneous physical presence of the parties, regardless of whether the offer was made by the consumer or by the seller or provider,

b) concluded at the business premises of the seller or provider or through any means of distance communication immediately after the consumer has been approached outside business premises in the simultaneous physical presence of the parties,

c) concluded during an excursion organised by the seller or provider for the purpose of promoting or selling goods and services to the consumer,

shall be deemed off-premises contracts.

(2) Off-premises contracts shall be concluded by a seller or provider authorised by the Ministry.

(3) It is mandatory that, before the consumer is bound by an off-premises contract or any corresponding offer, the consumer be informed in a clear and comprehensible manner on the matters the details of which are determined by regulation. The burden of proof that the consumer has been informed lies with the seller or provider.

(4) Off-premises contracts are not valid unless concluded in writing. A seller or provider that has not concluded a valid contract may not subsequently invoke the invalidity of the contract to the detriment of the consumer. The seller or provider is obliged to ensure that the consumer writes the date of the contract in his or her own handwriting and signs the contract, to give a copy of the contract to the consumer, and to supply the goods or service to the consumer. The burden of proving that the contract has been delivered to the consumer and that the goods or service have been supplied lies with the seller or provider.

(5) The consumer has the right to withdraw from the contract within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. It is sufficient that the notice of exercise of the right of withdrawal be addressed to the seller or provider within this period. During the withdrawal period, the seller or provider may not request the consumer to make any payment under any name whatsoever, or to provide any document placing the consumer under a debt, in return for the goods or service that are the subject of the contract. The seller or provider bears the obligation to prove that the consumer has been informed of the right of withdrawal. The consumer is not liable for changes and deterioration occurring due to the ordinary use of the goods during the withdrawal period.

(6) Where the seller or provider acts in breach of the obligations set out in this Article or fails to inform the consumer duly of the right of withdrawal, the consumer is not bound by the fourteen-day period for exercising the right of withdrawal. In any event, this period expires one year after the date on which the withdrawal period ends.

(7) The mandatory content of the contract, contracts excluded from the scope, (…) the rights and obligations of the consumer and of the seller and provider, the right of withdrawal, the obligation to provide information, delivery, the qualifications required of those who will make sales, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

Added: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 6

(1) The direct selling system is a sales system established by a direct selling company in which direct sellers, who are not employed under an employment contract and who operate under names such as independent representative, distributor, consultant and similar names in return for benefits such as commissions, bonuses, incentives and rewards, market goods or services to consumers.

(2) It is mandatory that the direct selling company be a capital company and satisfy the other conditions determined by regulation.

(3) The direct selling system must not be based predominantly on earning income through recruiting new direct sellers into the system and distributing the benefits arising therefrom; it must be based on the sale of goods or services to consumers and must comply with the other principles determined by regulation.

(4) No amount, and no document placing them under a debt, may be taken from direct sellers under the name of renewal, package, fee, dues or similar names that does not include goods or services intended for sale to consumers, in order for them to join or remain in the system. The purchase of goods or services in the quantity or amount determined by the direct selling company may not determine the level of the direct seller within the system.

(5) A consumer who purchases goods or services within the scope of the direct selling system has the right to withdraw from the contract within thirty days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. It is sufficient that the notice of exercise of the right of withdrawal be addressed to the direct seller or the direct selling company within this period.

(6) The direct selling company is obliged to establish a system enabling the consumer to be informed on the matters determined by the Ministry and to transmit his or her requests and notices.

(7) The rights and obligations of the direct selling company, the direct seller and the consumer, contracts excluded from the scope, the sale of goods or services, the right of withdrawal, the obligation to provide information, delivery, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A distance contract is a contract concluded, without the simultaneous physical presence of the seller or provider and the consumer, within the framework of a system organised for the distance marketing of goods or services, through the use of means of distance communication between the parties up to and including the moment at which the contract is concluded.

(2) Before accepting a distance contract or any corresponding offer, the consumer shall be informed by the seller or provider, in a clear and comprehensible manner, on the matters the details of which are determined by regulation and of the fact that he or she will be under an obligation to pay if the order is confirmed. The burden of proof that the consumer has been informed lies with the seller or provider.

(3) The seller or provider shall perform its obligation within the period undertaken from the moment the consumer's order reaches it. Amended sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 7 Except for contracts relating to goods prepared in accordance with the consumer's request or personal needs, in sales of goods this period may in no event exceed thirty days. Where the seller or provider fails to perform its obligation within this period, the consumer may terminate the contract.

(4) The consumer has the right to withdraw from the contract within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. It is sufficient that the notice of exercise of the right of withdrawal be addressed to the seller or provider within this period. The seller or provider bears the obligation to prove that the consumer has been informed of the right of withdrawal. If the consumer is not duly informed of the right of withdrawal, the consumer is not bound by the fourteen-day period for exercising the right of withdrawal. In any event, this period expires one year after the date on which the withdrawal period ends. The consumer is not liable for changes and deterioration occurring due to the ordinary use of the goods during the withdrawal period.

(5) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 7 Intermediary service providers that, through the system they have established, act as intermediaries in the conclusion of distance contracts on behalf of the seller or provider are obliged to establish, and keep continuously open, a system suitable for enabling consumers to transmit and follow up their requests and notices concerning the matters determined by regulation, throughout the period of exercise of the rights and obligations arising from the distance contracts concluded through the system.

(6) Added: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 7 Those operating as intermediary service providers, in respect of the distance contracts in which they act as intermediaries:

a) jointly and severally with the seller or provider, for the provision, confirmation and proof of pre-contractual information to the consumer,

b) except where the data entry is made by the seller or provider, for deficiencies in the matters that must be included in the pre-contractual information as determined by regulation,

c) for keeping records of the transactions carried out by consumers with sellers or providers in respect of the matters set out in this Article and, upon request, for providing this information to the relevant public institutions and organisations and to consumers,

ç) for each transaction in which they have caused sellers and providers to act in breach of the provisions of this Article through practices contrary to the contract on intermediary services concluded with the seller or provider,

d) where they collect the price on behalf of the seller or provider, jointly and severally with the seller or provider, for the obligations relating to delivery or performance and to the right of withdrawal, except for cases where the price is transferred to the seller or provider after the delivery or performance of the goods or service to the consumer and except for the exercise of the rights set out in Articles 11 and 15,

e) for the failure to perform the contract at all or properly in campaign, promotional or discounted sales they organise without the approval of the seller or provider,

f) for the consistency of the matters included in the pre-contractual information with the information included in their advertisements, and for its proof,

shall be liable.

(7) In distance contracts, contracts excluded from the scope, the rights and obligations of the consumer, the seller and provider, and the intermediary service provider acting as intermediary in the conclusion of distance contracts, the right of withdrawal, the obligation to provide information, delivery, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Financial services means all kinds of banking services, credit, insurance, private pension, investment and payment-related services. Distance contracts relating to financial services are contracts concluded between the provider and the consumer, within the framework of a system organised for the distance marketing of financial services, through the use of means of distance communication.

(2) In distance contracts relating to financial services, it is mandatory that, before the consumer declares his or her intention to conclude the contract, the consumer be informed, in a clear and comprehensible manner appropriate to the means of communication used, of the right of withdrawal, of the fact that he or she will be under an obligation if he or she gives a declaration of acceptance, and of the other matters the details of which are determined by the Ministry. It must be clear that this information is provided for commercial purposes and, where means of voice communication are used, the identity of the provider and the reason for the call must be stated at the beginning of each conversation. The consumer's declaration of acceptance concerning the conclusion of the contract shall be ascertained or recorded in a physical or electronic medium in accordance with the means of communication used. The provider is obliged to take the necessary measures for the transmission of the right of withdrawal and for the ascertainments or records to be made in a physical or electronic medium.

(3) It is mandatory that the provider transmit to the consumer all the terms of the contract and the other matters determined by the Ministry on paper or by means of a durable medium. This obligation shall be fulfilled before the consumer communicates his or her intention to conclude the contract or, where the contract is concluded at the consumer's request using a means of distance communication not suitable for providing information in writing, immediately after the conclusion of the contract.

(4) The consumer may, at any time during the contractual relationship, request a written copy of the contract on paper without paying any fee. In addition, the consumer has the right to change the means of distance communication used, where this is compatible with the nature of the financial service.

(5) The consumer has the right to withdraw from distance contracts relating to financial services within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. It is sufficient that the notice of exercise of the right of withdrawal be addressed to the provider within this period. The provider bears the obligation to prove that the consumer has been informed of the right of withdrawal. However, in insurance contracts and contracts relating to private pensions, the provisions of other legislation concerning the withdrawal period that are in favour of the consumer shall apply.

(6) In distance contracts relating to financial services, it is sufficient that the consumer transmit his or her request to terminate the contract through any means of distance communication. The consumer may not be compelled to use, in order to terminate the contract, a method involving more onerous conditions than the method through which the contract was established.

(7) In distance contracts relating to financial services, the use of means of distance communication, contracts excluded from the scope, payment by card, the rights and obligations of the consumer and the provider, the right of withdrawal, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A timeshare holiday contract is a contract concluded for a period of more than one year which grants the consumer, during that period, the right to overnight accommodation for one or more nights for more than one period.

(2) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 8 The fact that the right conferred by timeshare holiday contracts is a personal right or a right in rem, or that the timeshare holiday sale is made by way of financial leasing, shall not preclude the application of this Article. Except for contracts conferring a timeshare ownership right established under the provisions of Chapter Eight of the Condominium Ownership Law No. 634 of 23/6/1965, no timeshare holiday contract conferring a right in rem tied to an ownership share may be concluded with consumers. A timeshare holiday right may not be granted by way of partnership in a cooperative or commercial company or membership in an association or foundation. Persons who do not hold a right in rem over the property that is the subject of the timeshare holiday may not make timeshare holiday sales.

(3) A long-term holiday service contract is a contract concluded for a period of more than one year under which the consumer is granted, during the specified period, the right to benefit from discounts or other advantages relating to accommodation, or to cases where travel or other services are offered together with accommodation.

(4) It is mandatory to provide consumers, at least one day before the conclusion of the following contracts, with a pre-contractual information form containing the matters determined by the Ministry:

a) Timeshare holiday contracts

b) Long-term holiday service contracts

c) Exchange contracts

ç) Resale contracts under which the seller or provider assists the consumer in buying or selling a timeshare holiday or long-term holiday service.

(5) Except for contracts concluded by distance selling, the seller or provider shall be obliged to ensure that the consumer writes the date of the contract in his or her own handwriting and signs the contract. It is mandatory to provide the consumer with a copy of these contracts concluded in writing or at a distance on paper or by means of a durable medium. Provisions of law prescribing stricter formal requirements are reserved.

(6) The consumer shall have the right to withdraw from the contract within fourteen days without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. Before the withdrawal period expires, the seller or provider may not request the consumer to make any payment under any name or to furnish any document placing the consumer under an obligation. Added sentences: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 8 Where, notwithstanding this prohibition, any amount is received from the consumer, the amount received shall be refunded to the consumer immediately. Furthermore, any document placing the consumer under an obligation shall be invalid with respect to the consumer. Timeshare holiday and long-term holiday service contracts, together with resale, exchange and all other related contracts drawn up together with these contracts, shall terminate automatically upon the exercise of the right of withdrawal.

(7) Where the price to be paid by the consumer is covered, in whole or in part, by a lender on the basis of an agreement between the seller or provider and the lender, if the consumer withdraws from the contract and the notification thereof is also addressed to the lender within the withdrawal period, the linked credit agreement shall also terminate without any obligation to pay compensation or a penalty.

(8) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 8 No timeshare holiday contract with advance payment, including contracts conferring a timeshare ownership right, may be concluded with consumers.

(9) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 8 Except for contracts conferring a timeshare ownership right, timeshare holiday contracts shall be concluded for a maximum of ten years.

(10) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 8 If the consumer notifies the provider, at least ninety days before the date on which the holiday is to begin, that he or she will not use for a certain period the holiday right arising from a timeshare holiday contract conferring a personal right, no payment under any name may be demanded from the consumer for that period.

(11) The content of timeshare holiday, long-term holiday service, resale and exchange contracts and of the pre-contractual information, the rights and obligations of the consumer and of the seller and provider, the right of withdrawal (…) and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A package tour contract is a contract under which at least two of the following services are sold or offered for sale together at an all-inclusive price by package tour organisers or intermediaries, and the service covers a period of more than twenty-four hours or includes overnight accommodation:

a) Transport

b) Accommodation

c) Other tourist services not ancillary to transport or accommodation services.

(2) The provisions of this Article shall also apply where the details of the tour have been determined by the package tour organiser, the intermediary or the consumer, or where the services within the same package tour are invoiced separately.

(3) Where the package tour organiser has no representative in Türkiye, the package tour intermediary shall be liable as if it were the package tour organiser.

(4) It is mandatory to provide the consumer with a brochure for pre-contractual information purposes before the conclusion of the package tour contract.

(5) Package tour organisers or intermediaries shall be obliged to provide the consumer with a copy of package tour contracts concluded in writing or at a distance on paper or by means of a durable medium.

(6) Where, for reasons not attributable to the consumer, one of the essential elements of the package tour contract is changed or the tour is cancelled before it begins, the consumer may accept this change or an alternative tour offered by the package tour organiser, and shall also have the right to rescind the contract. In the event of rescission of the contract, the package tour organiser or intermediary shall be obliged to refund immediately, without any deduction, the entire amount paid by the consumer, as from the date on which the notice of rescission reaches it.

(7) The consumer shall have the right to request a reduction of the price on account of any deficiency arising in the course of performance of the contract. Where it is established that the package tour organiser has failed or will be unable to fulfil a significant obligation after the tour has begun, the consumer may rescind the contract. In these cases, the right of the package tour organiser or intermediary to claim a fee shall cease. Payments made shall be refunded to the consumer immediately as from the date of rescission of the contract. However, the package tour organiser may claim from the consumer appropriate consideration for the performance it has rendered up to that time, in proportion to the extent to which the consumer has benefited from the service.

(8) Without prejudice to the provisions on compulsory insurance of the Law No. 1618 of 14/9/1972 on Travel Agencies and the Association of Travel Agencies, the package tour organiser shall be liable for any damage suffered by the consumer due to non-performance or improper performance of the contract. The consumer may also claim appropriate compensation for holiday time wasted.

(9) Persons who benefit from a package tour service within the framework of their commercial or professional activities shall also be deemed consumers.

(10) Pre-contractual information, the content of the contract, the transfer of the package tour, the conditions for amending the contract and the rights of the consumer in such cases, the consequences of cancellation of the package tour, the responsibilities of the package tour organiser and intermediary, the cases in which the consumer may claim compensation, rescission of the contract and its consequences, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A subscription contract is a contract that enables the consumer to obtain specific goods or services continuously or at regular intervals.

(2) It is mandatory to provide the consumer with a copy of these contracts concluded in writing or at a distance on paper or by means of a durable medium.

(3) Fixed-term subscription contracts may not contain provisions stating that the contract shall be extended for the specified term; however, after the conclusion of the subscription contract, the subscription contract may be extended if the consumer so requests or gives consent before the date on which the contract is to expire.

(4) The consumer shall have the right to terminate an indefinite-term subscription contract, or a fixed-term subscription contract with a term exceeding one year, at any time without giving any reason and without paying any penalty. In a fixed-term subscription contract with a term of less than one year, the consumer may also terminate the contract where the seller or provider amends the terms of the contract. It shall be sufficient for the notice of termination to be addressed to the seller or provider on paper or by means of a durable medium. The seller or provider may not determine, for the termination of the subscription contract, a method containing more onerous conditions than the method by which the contract was established.

(5) The seller or provider shall be obliged to fulfil the consumer's request to end the subscription within the periods determined by regulation. Where the subscription is not ended within the specified periods, no payment may be demanded from the consumer as from the expiry of these periods, even if the goods or services have been used. The seller or provider shall be obliged to refund, without deduction, the remaining portion of the fee paid by the consumer within fifteen days from the time the notice of termination takes effect.

(6) The seller or provider shall be obliged to take the necessary measures to carry out the procedures relating to notifications and requests concerning termination of the subscription contract and, where necessary, to establish an appropriate system and keep this system open without interruption.

(7) The mandatory content of the contract, the rights and obligations of the consumer and of the seller and provider, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) In promotional campaigns organised by periodical publishers in which, for whatever purpose and in whatever form, a second good or service other than the periodical is promised or given by means of tickets, coupons, participation numbers, games, draws and similar methods, no goods or services may be given other than cultural goods or services consistent with the purposes of periodical publishing as determined by regulation.

(2) The duration of promotional campaigns that require the purchase of more than one issue of the periodical and are spread over a certain period may not exceed seventy-five days for daily periodicals, eighteen weeks for weekly periodicals and twelve months for periodicals of longer frequency.

(3) The periodical publisher shall be obliged to announce, in the advertisements for the promotional campaign, the schedule of delivery and performance dates throughout Türkiye of the goods or services that are the subject of the campaign, and to deliver and perform such goods or services within forty-five days from the end of the promotional campaign.

(4) During the promotional campaign, the sales price of the periodical may not be increased on account of the cost increase caused by the goods or services promised as a second product. The consumer may not be required to bear all or part of the price of the goods or services that are the subject of the promotional campaign.

(5) The promise and distribution of goods or services that are the subject of a promotional campaign may not be made in parts, and inseparable or complementary parts of such goods or services may not be made the subject of a separate promotion. In the application of this Law, transactions relating to each good or service promised as a second product shall be deemed an independent promotional campaign.

(6) Promotional campaigns not organised by periodical publishers but directly or indirectly associated with a periodical shall also be subject to the provisions of this Article.

(7) The procedures and principles relating to promotional campaigns shall be determined by regulation.

(1) It is mandatory to affix to goods offered for retail sale, or to their packaging or containers, in an easily visible and legible manner, a label showing the sales price including all taxes payable by the consumer and the unit price, and containing the place of production and distinguishing features; where it is not possible to affix a label, lists containing the same information shall be posted in appropriate places so as to be visible. Lists showing the tariffs and prices of services shall also be drawn up and posted in accordance with this Article.

(2) Where there is a difference between the price stated on labels, tariffs and price lists and the price charged at the checkout, the price in favour of the consumer shall apply.

(3) The discounted sales price and the pre-discount price of goods or services offered at a discount shall be shown on tariffs and price lists and labels. The burden of proving that goods or services offered at a discount are offered for sale at a price lower than the pre-discount price shall lie with the seller or provider.

(4) The Ministry, municipalities and the relevant chambers shall be responsible for carrying out work relating to the implementation and monitoring of the provisions of this Article.

(5) Labels, tariffs and price lists, the duration of discounted sales and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) It is mandatory that goods made available for the use of consumers be offered for sale with an introduction and user manual in Turkish concerning their introduction, use, installation, maintenance and simple repair, and, where necessary, with a label containing international symbols and signs.

(2) Where matters relating to the safe use of goods appear on the goods, written and audio statements must be in Turkish.

(3) Where, under the relevant technical regulation, goods may be harmful or dangerous to human health or the environment, explanatory information and warnings concerning this situation shall be affixed or written on the goods or in the introduction and user manual in a clearly visible and legible manner so that the goods can be used safely.

(4) The responsibility for preparing introduction and user manuals in Turkish shall lie with the manufacturer and importer; the responsibility for providing them to the consumer and proving their delivery shall lie with the seller.

(5) Which goods must be sold with an introduction and user manual and a label, the minimum elements that must be included therein, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Manufacturers and importers shall be obliged to issue a warranty certificate, the content of which is determined by regulation, for goods manufactured or imported for consumers. The responsibility for completing this certificate and providing it to the consumer shall lie with the seller.

(2) The warranty period shall be a minimum of two years, beginning from the date of delivery of the goods. However, due to their nature, the warranty conditions of certain goods may be determined by the Ministry using another unit of measurement.

(3) Where the consumer has exercised the right of repair among the optional rights set out in Article 11 of this Law, the consumer may exercise the other optional rights set out in Article 11 if the goods break down again within the warranty period, if the maximum time required for repair is exceeded, or if it is established that repair is not possible. The seller may not reject the consumer's request. Where this request is not fulfilled, the seller, manufacturer and importer shall be jointly and severally liable.

(4) Which goods must be sold with a warranty certificate and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A voluntary warranty means an additional undertaking given by the seller, provider, manufacturer or importer in relation to goods or services, without prejudice to the statutory rights of the consumer, concerning matters such as replacement, repair, maintenance, refund of the price and similar matters.

(2) During the term of the voluntary warranty undertaking, no costs may be demanded from the consumer on account of the exercise of the rights undertaken.

(3) The person giving the undertaking shall be bound not only by the undertaking but also by the statements contained in the relevant advertisements and announcements. This undertaking must state that the statutory rights of the consumer are reserved, the conditions for benefiting from the warranty, its duration, and the name and contact details of the warrantor.

(4) It is mandatory that the voluntary warranty undertaking be given to the consumer in writing or by means of a durable medium.

(5) A voluntary warranty undertaking shall bind the person giving it even if it does not have the features prescribed in this Article.

Added: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 9

(1) Refurbished products are used goods offered for sale again after improvements have been made to their hardware, software or physical features.

(2) It is mandatory to give a warranty of at least one year for refurbished products from the date of delivery to the consumer. However, due to their nature, the warranty conditions of certain goods may also be determined by the Ministry using another unit of measurement.

(3) Goods determined by regulation may be sold as refurbished products only on condition that they are refurbished at centres authorised by the Ministry.

(4) Refurbishment centres must obtain an authorisation certificate from the Ministry.

(5) Where verification is required that goods bearing electronic identity information are used and registered, such verification shall be carried out by the Ministry, the refurbishment centre and the authorised purchaser from the records of the Information and Communication Technologies Authority in accordance with the procedures and principles determined by the Ministry.

(6) Which goods shall be refurbished by refurbishment centres, the establishment and responsibility of refurbishment centres, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Manufacturers or importers shall be obliged to provide after-sales maintenance and repair services for the goods they manufacture or import throughout the service life determined by the Ministry.

(2) Manufacturers or importers shall be obliged, for goods determined by regulation, to obtain an after-sales service adequacy certificate approved by the Ministry and to record up-to-date information on all authorised service stations in the system established by the Ministry.

(3) The repair time of goods at authorised service stations may not exceed the maximum period determined by regulation.

(4) Manufacturers or importers may establish authorised service stations themselves, or may also make use of existing service stations or service organisations, provided that they are responsible for the services provided by those service stations.

(5) Service stations operating without being affiliated with any manufacturer or importer shall also be liable to the consumer for the services they provide. Added sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 10 These service stations must use the term "private service" in an easily visible and legible manner in all media and in their activities.

(6) Where the commercial activity of the importer ends in any manner, the seller, manufacturer and new importer shall be jointly and severally liable for the provision of maintenance and repair services during the warranty period. After the warranty period has expired, the manufacturer or new importer shall be obliged to provide maintenance and repair services throughout the service life.

(7) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 10 Where, after the expiry of the warranty period, after-sales service for the goods is not provided by the manufacturer or importer throughout the service life determined by the Ministry, the consumer may claim compensation for the damage.

(8) Added: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 10 Goods for which the provision of after-sales service is mandatory, the minimum number of authorised service stations to be established, maximum repair times, the responsibilities of service stations, and other procedures and principles of implementation shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Necessary additions concerning consumer awareness shall be made by the Ministry of National Education to the curricula of formal and non-formal educational institutions, after obtaining the opinion of the Ministry.

(2) Radio and television broadcasters broadcasting nationwide shall be obliged to make broadcasts for the purpose of raising consumer awareness between 08.00 and 22.00 hours, for not less than fifteen minutes per month. Information on the date, time, duration and content of the broadcasts made shall be regularly notified each month in the form of a list to the Radio and Television Supreme Council. Broadcasts made outside these hours shall not be included in the monthly fifteen-minute period. These periods shall be monitored by the Radio and Television Supreme Council and the results shall be notified to the Ministry.

(1) Consumer awards are awards given for the purposes of protecting consumers, raising their awareness and encouraging them to exercise their statutory rights.

(2) It is a fundamental principle that awards given under the name of consumer award and similar names be given without securing any benefit, and that such awards be based on objective criteria announced in advance.

(3) The procedures and principles relating to the granting of consumer awards shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A commercial advertisement is an announcement in the nature of marketing communication made by advertisers in any medium by written, visual, auditory and similar means, in connection with trade, business, craft or a profession, for the purpose of securing the sale or rental of goods or services, or of informing or persuading the members of the target audience.

(2) As a principle, commercial advertisements shall comply with the principles determined by the Advertisement Board, general morality, public order and personality rights, and shall be truthful and honest.

(3) No commercial advertisement may be made that deceives the consumer or exploits the consumer's lack of experience and knowledge, endangers the safety of life and property, encourages acts of violence and the commission of offences, impairs public health, or exploits the sick, the elderly, children or persons with disabilities.

(4) The inclusion, for advertising purposes, in writings, news, broadcasts and programmes, without it being clearly indicated that it is an advertisement, of names, trademarks, logos or other distinctive figures or expressions relating to goods or services, or of trade names or business names, and their presentation in a promotional manner, shall be deemed covert advertising. Covert advertising by audio, written or visual means in any kind of communication medium is prohibited.

(5) Comparative advertising may be made of competing goods or services that meet the same needs or are intended for the same purpose.

(6) Advertisers shall be obliged to prove the accuracy of the claims contained in their commercial advertisements.

(7) Advertisers, advertising agencies and media service organisations shall be obliged to comply with the provisions of this article.

(8) The restrictions to be imposed on commercial advertisements and the procedures and principles to be observed in such advertisements shall be determined by regulation.

(1) A commercial practice shall be deemed unfair where it does not comply with the requirements of professional diligence and materially distorts, or is likely to materially distort, the economic behaviour with regard to goods or services of the average consumer whom it reaches or to whom it is addressed, or of the average member of the group to which it is directed. In particular, practices that are misleading or aggressive in nature and the practices listed in the annex to the regulation shall be deemed unfair commercial practices. Unfair commercial practices directed at consumers are prohibited.

(2) Where it is alleged that a commercial practice is unfair, the person engaging in the commercial practice shall be obliged to prove that such practice is not an unfair commercial practice.

(3) Where an unfair commercial practice is carried out by means of advertising, the provisions of Article 61 of this Law shall apply.

(4) The procedures and principles relating to the detection and supervision of unfair commercial practices, and the practices that shall in all circumstances be deemed unfair commercial practices, shall be determined by regulation.

(1) An Advertisement Board shall be established, charged with determining the principles to be observed in commercial advertisements and making arrangements to protect consumers against unfair commercial practices, conducting examinations and, where necessary, inspections within the framework of these matters, and, depending on the outcome of the examination and inspection, deciding on suspension, or correction by the same method, or an administrative fine, or, where deemed necessary, a precautionary suspension penalty of up to three months, or the removal of content and/or the blocking of access. The Board may delegate its power to order precautionary suspension to the Chairperson of the Advertisement Board. The decisions of the Board shall be implemented by the Ministry.

(2) The Advertisement Board, chaired by the relevant Director General to be assigned by the Minister, shall consist of:

a) Amended: 24/6/2026, Law No. 7587, Art. 24 one member each to be assigned by the Ministry from among the deputy directors general of the Directorate General, the Directorate General of Tradesmen, Craftsmen and Cooperatives, the Directorate General of Legal Services, the Directorate General of Domestic Trade and the Directorate General of International Trade in Services,

b) one member to be assigned by the Ministry of Justice from among the judges or prosecutors working in administrative positions in that Ministry,

c) one member to be assigned by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock,

ç) one member to be assigned by the Ministry of Health,

d) one member to be assigned by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,

e) one member to be assigned by the Radio and Television Supreme Council,

f) one member from the Turkish Standards Institution,

g) one member to be elected by the Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir metropolitan municipalities from among themselves,

ğ) one member to be assigned by the Council of Higher Education from among faculty members specialised in the fields of advertising, communication or commercial law,

h) one member to be assigned by the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye from among the members of the Media and Communication Assembly of Türkiye,

ı) one member to be assigned by the Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Craftsmen,

i) one member to be elected by the Consumer Council from among the representatives of consumer organisations participating in the Council,

j) one member to be elected by advertisers' associations or, if any, their umbrella organisations,

k) one member to be elected by advertising practitioners' associations or, if any, their umbrella organisations,

l) one pharmacist member to be assigned by the Turkish Pharmacists' Association,

m) one dentist member to be assigned by the Turkish Dental Association,

n) one physician member to be assigned by the Central Council of the Turkish Medical Association,

o) one lawyer member to be assigned by the Union of Turkish Bar Associations,

making a total of twenty-three members including the chairperson.

(3) The term of office of the members of the Board is three years. Members whose terms expire may be reassigned or re-elected. Where memberships become vacant for any reason, assignments or elections to the vacant memberships shall be made within one month in accordance with the principles of paragraph 2. A member whose term has expired shall continue in office until the new member takes office.

(4) The Board shall meet at least once a month or whenever needed upon the call of the Chairperson.

(5) The Board shall convene with the presence of at least thirteen members including the Chairperson and shall take decisions by the absolute majority of those attending the meeting. Added sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 11 Where the Chairperson is unable to attend the meeting, the relevant deputy director general of the Ministry shall chair the Board. In the event of a tie, the side on which the Chairperson has voted shall constitute the majority.

(6) Specialised commissions in sectoral fields shall be established by the Ministry to assist the Board in taking its decisions. The commissions shall consist of at least three and at most five persons including the chairperson.

(7) The attendance allowance and attendance fee to be paid to the Chairperson and members of the Board and to the chairpersons and members of the specialised commissions, and the related procedures and principles, shall be determined by the Ministry upon obtaining the favourable opinion of the Ministry of Finance.

(8) The Board shall conduct its examination on the file containing the relevant documents. The secretariat services of the Board shall be carried out by the Directorate General.

(9) The Board may, where it deems necessary, seek the opinions of specialised universities, legal persons governed by private law and natural persons on matters requiring special expertise.

(10) The decisions of the Board shall be announced by the Ministry for the purpose of informing and enlightening consumers and protecting their economic interests.

(11) The establishment, duties, and working procedures and principles of the Advertisement Board and the specialised commissions, as well as the secretariat services and other matters, shall be determined by regulation.

(1) The Consumer Council shall convene at least once a year under the coordination of the Ministry for the purpose of identifying consumer problems and needs, researching the necessary measures for the protection of consumer interests, and conveying its opinions on measures concerning the implementation of this Law to the relevant authorities for priority consideration.

(2) The number of representatives from public institutions and organisations on the Consumer Council may under no circumstances exceed fifty per cent of the total number of members of the Council.

(3) The members, working procedures and principles of the Consumer Council and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) The Advertisement Council shall convene at least once a year under the coordination of the Ministry for the purpose of following contemporary communication practices with regard to the formulation and implementation of advertising policies, conducting research and studies for the development of the advertising sector and of the advertisement supervision function, making opinions and proposals in this field, and conveying such opinions and proposals to the relevant authorities.

(2) The number of representatives from public institutions and organisations on the Advertisement Council may under no circumstances exceed fifty per cent of the total number of members of the Council.

(3) The members, working procedures and principles of the Advertisement Council and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 12 The Ministry shall be responsible for establishing consumer arbitration committees in order to resolve disputes that may arise from consumer transactions and from practices directed at consumers. The territorial jurisdiction and division of work of consumer arbitration committees shall be determined by the Ministry.

(2) A consumer arbitration committee, chaired in provinces by the provincial director of trade and in districts by the district governor, or by a civil servant to be assigned by them, shall consist of:

a) one member to be assigned by the mayor from among municipal personnel who are experts in the matter,

b) one member to be assigned by the bar association from among its members,

c) in disputes where the seller is a merchant, one member to be assigned by the chamber of commerce and industry or, in places where these are organised separately, by the chamber of commerce; in disputes where the seller is a tradesman or craftsman, one member to be assigned in provinces by the union of chambers of tradesmen and craftsmen and in districts by the chamber of tradesmen and craftsmen having the largest number of members,

ç) one member to be elected by consumer organisations from among themselves,

making a total of five members including the chairperson. Substitutes for the chairperson and members having the qualifications set out in this paragraph shall also be designated separately. Added sentences: 11/7/2020, Law No. 7249, Art. 26 In provinces where more than one bar association has been established, the assignment of members to provincial and district consumer arbitration committees shall be made on the basis of equal and rotational representation of the bar associations. The procedures and principles concerning the assignment shall be set out in the regulation prepared by the Union of Turkish Bar Associations.

(3) In places where the formation of a consumer arbitration committee cannot be ensured, the vacant memberships shall be filled from among civil servants having the membership qualifications determined by regulation, in provinces by the provincial director of trade and in districts by the district governor.

(1) Rapporteurs may be employed at consumer arbitration committees established in provincial and district centres. In provinces where the number of rapporteurs is insufficient, a sufficient number of rapporteurs shall be assigned by the provincial director of trade from among the personnel of the provincial directorate of trade, and in districts by the district governor from among the civil servants serving in the district.

(2) Rapporteurs of consumer arbitration committees shall be responsible for preparing the files that will form the basis of the committee's work and decisions and for submitting the report on the dispute.

(1) Amended sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 13 Without prejudice to the rights of the parties under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law, application to consumer arbitration committees shall be mandatory in disputes whose value is below thirty thousand Turkish Liras. No application may be made to consumer arbitration committees for disputes above these values.

(2) Consumer arbitration committees shall be obliged to accept the applications made to them in order to take the necessary action.

(3) Applications may be made to the consumer arbitration committee in the place where the consumer's domicile is located or where the consumer transaction was carried out. Amended sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 13 In places where there is no consumer arbitration committee, applications may be made to the district governorship of that district. Added sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 13 Such applications shall be forwarded by the district governorships to the competent consumer arbitration committee determined by the Ministry for the necessary action.

(4) The monetary limits specified in this article shall be applied, with effect from the beginning of each calendar year, increased by the revaluation rate determined and announced for that year pursuant to the provisions of repeated Article 298 of the Tax Procedure Law No. 213 dated 4/1/1961. Fractions of one thousand Turkish Liras shall be disregarded in calculating these increases.

(5) This article shall not prevent consumers from applying to alternative dispute resolution bodies in accordance with the relevant legislation.

(1) Consumer arbitration committees may request any information and documents relating to the subject matter of the dispute from the parties and from the relevant institutions or organisations.

(1) Amended sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 14 The decisions of consumer arbitration committees shall be binding on the parties. Added sentence: 10/9/2014, Law No. 6552, Art. 140 Consumer arbitration committees may not order the payment of attorney's fees.

(2) Amended sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 14 Documents required to be served by the consumer arbitration committee shall be served on the parties or their attorneys electronically in accordance with the provisions of Article 107/A of Law No. 213; where electronic service cannot be effected within this scope, the provisions of the Notification Law No. 7201 dated 11/2/1959 shall apply. The decisions of the consumer arbitration committee shall be enforced in accordance with the provisions of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law concerning the enforcement of judgments.

(3) The parties may object to the decisions of the consumer arbitration committee within two weeks from the date of service before the consumer court of the place where the consumer arbitration committee is located or where the consumer's domicile is located. The objection shall not stay the enforcement of the decision of the consumer arbitration committee. However, provided that it is requested, the judge may stay the enforcement of the decision of the consumer arbitration committee by way of an interim measure.

(4) Where the decision objected to is in conformity with the law on the merits but the objection must be accepted because of an error in the application of the law to the facts, or where the point not in conformity with the law does not require a retrial, the consumer court may, on the documents, render a decision of affirmation by amending or correcting the decision. This provision shall also apply to errors relating to the identities and trade names of the parties, and to clerical, computational or other evident errors of expression. Where the decision is in conformity with procedure and law but the reasoning given is not found to be correct, it shall be affirmed with the reasoning amended or corrected.

(5) The decision to be rendered by the consumer court upon an objection against the decisions of consumer arbitration committees shall be final.

(6) In objection actions brought against decisions rendered by consumer arbitration committees in favour of the consumer, if the decision is annulled, attorney's fees shall be awarded against the consumer on the basis of the proportional tariff under the minimum attorney's fee tariff. Added sentence: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 14 However, where the decision is annulled because information or a document which was available but not submitted to the consumer arbitration committee was submitted to the consumer court, litigation costs and attorney's fees may not be awarded against the consumer.

(7) In decisions rendered by the consumer arbitration committee against the consumer in relation to the dispute, the service and expert fees shall be covered by the Ministry. Where the dispute is concluded in favour of the consumer, the service and expert fees shall be collected from the opposing party in accordance with the provisions of the Law No. 6183 on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Receivables dated 21/7/1953 and recorded as revenue in the budget.

(1) The attendance allowance and attendance fee to be paid to the chairpersons and members of consumer arbitration committees and to other public personnel assigned as rapporteurs, as well as expert fees, and the procedures and principles relating to these payments, shall be determined by the Ministry upon obtaining the favourable opinion of the Ministry of Finance.

(1) The establishment and the working procedures and principles of consumer arbitration committees, the qualifications of rapporteurs, the procedures and principles relating to the institution of expert witnesses, and other matters shall be determined by regulation.

(1) Consumer courts shall have jurisdiction over actions concerning disputes that may arise from consumer transactions and from practices directed at consumers.

(2) Actions brought before consumer courts by the Ministry, consumers and consumer organisations shall be exempt from the fees regulated in the Fees Law No. 492 dated 2/7/1964.

(3) In actions to be brought by umbrella organisations of consumer organisations, the expert fee and, where the action is concluded against the claimant, the attorney's fee awarded shall be covered by the Ministry. Where the action is concluded against the defendant, the expert fee shall be collected from the defendant in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Receivables and recorded as revenue in the budget.

(4) Actions to be heard in consumer courts shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Part Six of the Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100 dated 12/1/2011.

(5) Consumer actions may also be brought before the consumer court of the place where the consumer's domicile is located.

(6) Consumer organisations, the relevant public institutions and organisations and the Ministry may, except for the provisions relating to unfair commercial practices and commercial advertisements, bring actions before consumer courts, in cases which concern consumers in general and where there is a danger of a situation contrary to this Law arising, for obtaining an interim injunction to prevent or stop such situation, or for the determination, prevention or cessation of the unlawful situation.

(7) In actions concerning consumers in general, the claimant may request the publication of the decisions rendered. If the request is accepted by the court, the decision shall be announced forthwith in at least three newspapers published nationwide, with the costs to be borne by the defendant.

(8) Final decisions rendered by consumer courts shall be transmitted to the Ministry through the National Judiciary Informatics System. Decisions rendered upon objections against decisions of consumer arbitration committees shall be sent by the court rendering the decision to the relevant consumer arbitration committee.

Added: 22/7/2020, Law No. 7251, Art. 59

(1) In disputes heard in consumer courts, having applied to a mediator before bringing an action is a condition for bringing the action. However, the provisions on mediation as a condition for bringing an action shall not apply to the following matters:

a) Disputes falling within the competence of consumer arbitration committees

b) Objections against decisions of consumer arbitration committees

c) Actions specified in paragraph 6 of Article 73

ç) Actions specified in Article 74

d) Disputes in the nature of consumer transactions arising from rights in rem over immovable property

(2) Paragraph 11 of Article 18/A of the Law No. 6325 on Mediation in Civil Disputes dated 7/6/2012 shall not be applied against the consumer.

(3) Where, at the end of the mediation process, the parties cannot be reached, no meeting can be held because the parties do not attend, or the parties reach or fail to reach an agreement, the mediation fee payable by the consumer shall be covered from the budget of the Ministry of Justice. However, in the cases specified, the mediation fee may not exceed the amount of the fee for two hours according to Part One of the Mediation Fee Tariff annexed to the Mediation Minimum Fee Tariff.

(4) Where the action brought at the end of the mediation process is concluded in favour of the consumer, the mediation fee shall be collected from the defendant in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 6183 and recorded as revenue in the budget.

(1) The Ministry, consumers or consumer organisations may bring an action for the determination that a series-produced good offered for sale is defective, for the cessation of its production or sale, for the elimination of the defect, and for its recall from those holding it for the purpose of sale.

(2) Where it is established by court decision that a series-produced good offered for sale is defective, the court may, depending on the nature of the defect, decide to temporarily suspend the sale of the good or to remedy the defect. The producer or importer shall be obliged to eliminate the defect of the good within three months at the latest from the date of service of the court decision. Where it is impossible to eliminate the defect of the good, the good shall be recalled, or caused to be recalled, by the producer or importer. Recalled goods shall be destroyed, or caused to be destroyed, partially or wholly according to the risks they carry. The consumer's rights of action and compensation in relation to the destroyed good are reserved.

(3) Where a series-produced good offered for sale carries a defect endangering the safety of the consumer, the provisions of the Law on the Preparation and Implementation of Technical Legislation on Products are reserved.

(1) In the implementation of this Law, inspectors of the Ministry, customs and trade auditors and personnel to be assigned by the Ministry shall be authorised to carry out inspections, examinations and investigations at any place where goods or services are offered.

(2) In matters falling within the scope of this Law, it is mandatory to show all kinds of information and documents accurately to the authorised and competent persons or bodies and, upon request, to provide the originals or certified copies of the documents.

(1) A consumer product is any new, used or reconditioned product, including those used in the service sector, that is designed for use by consumers or is foreseen to be used by consumers under reasonable conditions, and that is supplied or made available whether as a result of commercial activities or by other means.

(2) Second-hand products that are antiques or that must be repaired or reconditioned before use shall not be considered within the scope of paragraph 1, provided that the manufacturer or distributor clearly informs the consumer thereof.

(3) Consumer products and services offered to consumers must not harm the safety of life and property or the environment, and must comply with all administrative and technical regulations whose application is mandatory.

(4) The Ministry shall be responsible for carrying out the market surveillance and inspection of the consumer products for which it is responsible in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Preparation and Implementation of Technical Legislation on Products.

(1) Amended: 23/5/2024, Law No. 7511, Art. 19 With regard to this Law;

a) on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in Articles 4, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 35, 49, 51, 52, 54 and 57 and in paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 of Article 48, and on those who fail to deliver or install goods on time pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 8, 2,200 Turkish Liras for each transaction or contract in which the violation is established,

b) on those who refuse to sell goods or services contrary to Article 6, an amount equal to ten percent of the total sales price, including all taxes, of the goods or services whose sale was refused, being not less than 2,200 Turkish Liras, for each transaction or contract in which the violation is established,

shall be imposed as an administrative fine.

(2) Where unfair terms determined pursuant to Article 5 of this Law are used in consumer contracts and the unfair term is not removed from the contract text within the period to be granted by the Ministry, an administrative fine of 200 Turkish Liras shall be imposed for each contract in which the violation is established.

(3) An administrative fine of 1,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed, for each transaction or contract in which the violation is established, on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in Articles 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45 and 46 of this Law, in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 of Article 31, in paragraph 2 of Article 40 and in paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Article 47.

(4) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 15 With regard to this Law;

a) On sellers or providers who act contrary to each of the obligations set out in paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 of Article 50, an administrative fine of 3,500 Turkish Liras shall be imposed for each transaction or contract in which the violation is established, not exceeding 5,000,000 Turkish Liras per project in one calendar year as of the date on which the violation is established.

b) With regard to Article 50:

1) those who, contrary to paragraph 2 thereof, conclude with consumers timeshare contracts granting a real right tied to an ownership share or act as intermediaries in their conclusion, those who grant timeshare rights by way of partnership in a cooperative or commercial company or membership in an association or foundation and those who act as intermediaries in such transactions, and those who make timeshare sales although they do not hold a real right over the property subject to the timeshare,

2) those who, contrary to paragraph 8 thereof, conclude prepaid timeshare contracts with consumers or act as intermediaries in their conclusion,

shall be sentenced to imprisonment from three to six years. Where the offences in this subparagraph are committed within the framework of the activities of a legal person, the security measures specific to legal persons shall additionally be ordered.

(5) An administrative fine of 100,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 3 of Article 40 and paragraph 2 of Article 47 of this Law; and an administrative fine of 70,000 Turkish Liras for each dwelling not delivered shall be imposed on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in Article 44.

(6) An administrative fine of 200 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on manufacturers and importers who act contrary to the obligations set out in Articles 55 and 56 of this Law for each good placed on the market, and on sellers for each good sold to consumers.

(7) An administrative fine of 100,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on those who give prizes contrary to the matters set out in Article 60 of this Law.

(8) Those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 3 of Article 31 and in Article 42 of this Law shall be granted a period of one month to remedy the violation. If the violation is not remedied at the end of this period, an administrative fine of 5,000,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on card issuers acting contrary to paragraph 3 of Article 31, and an administrative fine of 500,000 Turkish Liras on those acting contrary to Article 42.

(9) An administrative fine of 5,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on periodical publication organisations that act contrary to the obligations set out in Article 53 of this Law; where the violation is committed through a periodical publication distributed nationwide, an administrative fine of 100,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed. The periodical publication organisation shall also suspend the campaign and all advertisements and announcements relating to the campaign. If the violation continues, an administrative fine of 10,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed for each issue/day from the date on which the obligation to suspend the advertisement and announcement arose.

(10) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 15 With regard to this Law;

a) On those who act contrary to Article 57/A, an administrative fine of 500,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed where refurbishment activity is carried out without a certificate in respect of goods requiring a refurbishment authorisation certificate, and an administrative fine of 500 Turkish Liras for each transaction in respect of the violations and deficiencies established in the sale of refurbished products.

b) Amended: 23/5/2024, Law No. 7511, Art. 19 With regard to Article 58:

1) on manufacturers and importers acting contrary to paragraph 2 thereof, 1,115,000 Turkish Liras where an after-sales service competence certificate is not obtained, and 18,000 Turkish Liras for each service station where registration is not made in the system established by the Ministry or the registration is not updated,

2) on private service stations that, contrary to paragraph 5 thereof, do not use the expression “private service” in an easily visible and legible manner in all their media and activities, 18,000 Turkish Liras,

3) on manufacturers and importers that, contrary to paragraph 8 thereof, do not maintain the minimum number of service stations throughout the period of validity of the after-sales service competence certificate, 124,000 Turkish Liras for each missing service station,

shall be imposed as an administrative fine.

c) Amended: 23/5/2024, Law No. 7511, Art. 19 An administrative fine of 2,200 Turkish Liras shall be imposed, for each transaction in which the violation is established, on manufacturers, importers or private service stations that act contrary to the obligations in Article 58 other than those made subject to sanction in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph.

(11) An administrative fine of 10,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on radio and television stations that act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 2 of Article 59 of this Law.

(12) The penalty of suspension, or of correction by the same method, or an administrative fine, and, where deemed necessary, the penalty of interim suspension for up to three months, shall be imposed on advertisers, advertising agencies and media organisations that act contrary to the obligations set out in Article 61 of this Law. The Advertising Board may impose the sanctions in this paragraph jointly or separately depending on the nature of the infringement. Amended third sentence: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7 Where the violation is committed:

a) through a television channel broadcasting at local level, from 110,000 Turkish Liras to 1,100,000 Turkish Liras,

b) through a television channel broadcasting nationwide, from 2,210,000 Turkish Liras to 22,100,000 Turkish Liras,

c) through periodical publications, half of the penalties specified in subparagraphs (a) and (b),

ç) through a radio channel broadcasting at local level or via satellite, from 60,000 Turkish Liras to 600,000 Turkish Liras,

d) through a radio channel broadcasting nationwide, from 600,000 Turkish Liras to 6,000,000 Turkish Liras,

e) through a television channel broadcasting via satellite or through the internet, from 600,000 Turkish Liras to 6,000,000 Turkish Liras,

f) through short message, from 280,000 Turkish Liras to 2,800,000 Turkish Liras,

g) through other media, from 60,000 Turkish Liras to 600,000 Turkish Liras,

an administrative fine shall be imposed. Amended fourth sentence: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7 In imposing the administrative fines whose lower and upper limits are set out in this paragraph, the Advertising Board shall take into account matters such as the wrongful content of the violation, the magnitude of the benefit obtained or of the damage caused by the violation, and the fault and economic situation of the person committing the violation. Added sentences: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 15 Amended sentences: 23/5/2024, Law No. 7511, Art. 19 Where the violation is committed over the internet, the Advertising Board may decide that a notification be made, for the removal of the content, by means through which electronic communication can be established, on the basis of the information obtained from the communication tools on the relevant web page, the domain name, the IP address and similar sources, and, if the content is not removed within twenty-four hours despite such notification, that access be blocked. Limited to cases where notification cannot be made to the addressee, a decision may be given to block access directly. The access-blocking decision shall be sent to the Association of Access Providers for implementation. The access-blocking decision shall, as a rule, be given limited to the content in which the violation occurred. However, where blocking access to the content relating to the violation is technically not possible, or the violation cannot be prevented by blocking access to the relevant content, a decision may be given to block access to the entire website.

(13) The sanction of interim suspension for up to three months or of suspension of the unfair commercial practice, or an administrative fine from 60,000 Turkish Liras to 600,000 Turkish Liras, shall be imposed on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in Article 62 of this Law. The Board may impose these penalties jointly or separately depending on the nature of the infringement. Where the violation occurs nationwide, the administrative fine shall be imposed from 600,000 Turkish Liras to 6,000,000 Turkish Liras. Added sentence: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7 In imposing the administrative fines whose lower and upper limits are set out in this paragraph, the Advertising Board shall take into account matters such as the wrongful content of the violation, the magnitude of the benefit obtained or of the damage caused by the violation, and the fault and economic situation of the person committing the violation. Where it is established that the violation was committed by means of advertising, the provisions of paragraph 12 of this Article shall apply.

(14) An administrative fine of 1,000,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 5 of Article 48 of this Law, 100,000 Turkish Liras on manufacturers or importers who act contrary to the obligations set out in Article 74, and 5,000 Turkish Liras on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 1 of Article 79.

(15) Those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 2 of Article 75 of this Law shall be warned to provide the information and documents accurately, or to allow on-site inspection, within seven days. If the violation continues despite the warning, an administrative fine shall be imposed at the rate of one percent of their annual gross revenues generated at the end of the financial year preceding the date on which the violation occurred, being not less than 80,000 Turkish Liras. Added sentences: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 15 Where no gross revenue was generated in the preceding financial year, the most recent gross revenue generated shall be taken into account. Where the gross revenue is not declared or is declared incorrectly, an administrative fine of 6,000,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed for prepaid housing sales and 1,000,000 Turkish Liras for other sales. Added sentence: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7 An administrative fine of 50,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on those who are not under an obligation to declare their gross revenue. In timeshare sales, if the violation continues despite the warning, an administrative fine of 3,000,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed. Repealed sentence: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7

(16) An administrative fine of 200 Turkish Liras shall be imposed, for each transaction, on providers who provide services contrary to the obligations set out in paragraph 3 of Article 76 of this Law.

(17) Amended: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 7 With regard to this Law;

a) An administrative fine of 5,000,000 Turkish Liras for each violation shall be imposed on those found to have violated the obligations set out in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 47/A, and an administrative fine of 2,200 Turkish Liras for each transaction in which the violation is established shall be imposed on those who act contrary to the obligations set out in paragraphs 4, 5 and 7 thereof.

b) Those who act contrary to paragraph 6 of Article 47/A shall be granted a period of three months to remedy the violation. If the violation is not remedied at the end of this period, an administrative fine of 1,000,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed.

c) The relevant provisions of the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 dated 26/9/2004 shall apply to those who, contrary to Article 80, initiate or organise a pyramid sales scheme, or disseminate it through meetings, electronic mail or other methods suitable for securing the participation of many other persons, or support the dissemination of such a scheme in any other manner for commercial purposes.

(18) An administrative fine from 1,000 Turkish Liras to 50,000 Turkish Liras shall be imposed on those who, outside the cases specified above, fail to comply with the obligations introduced by this Law and with the measures determined by the Ministry by regulation or communiqué.

(19) Excluding the administrative fines in paragraphs 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 13 of this Article and the administrative fines relating to timeshare sales, where the total amount of administrative fines imposed in one calendar year as of the date on which the violation is established exceeds 80,000 Turkish Liras, the total amount of administrative fines, being not less than that amount and not exceeding 120,000,000 Turkish Liras:

a) may not exceed five percent of the annual gross revenues of the natural or legal person subject to the penalty generated at the end of the financial year preceding the establishment of the violation. Where no gross revenue was generated in the preceding year, the gross revenue generated as of the date of establishment shall be taken into account. This subparagraph shall not apply where the gross revenues are not declared or are declared incorrectly.

b) may not exceed, for banks, financial institutions extending consumer credit and card issuers, five per thousand of their equity published in the most recent financial statements disclosed to the public.

(20) The imposition of administrative sanctions under this Law shall not prevent the actions to be taken pursuant to other laws. The Ministry shall be authorised to resolve any uncertainties arising in the implementation of this Article.

Added: 28/11/2017, Law No. 7061, Art. 116

(1) Where the person subject to an administrative fine provided for in this Law asserts that the violations established arise from an insufficient understanding of the provisions of law or from a misinterpretation of the provisions of law, or that there is a difference of opinion between judicial decisions and the administration on the disputed matter, the Ministry may reach a settlement with the person subject to the administrative fine within the framework of the provisions of this Article.

(2) Repealed: 24/10/2024, Law No. 7529, Art. 8

(3) A request for settlement shall be made within fifteen days from the date of service of the administrative fine decision, for administrative fines in respect of which recourse to administrative judicial review has not yet been made. Where settlement is requested, the time limit for bringing an action shall be suspended; where no settlement is reached, the time limit shall resume running from where it stopped. Where no settlement is reached, a new request for settlement may not be made.

(4) Settlement requests made under this Article shall be assessed by settlement commissions. The settlement minutes drawn up by the settlement commissions shall be final, and the administration shall implement them immediately. The person subject to the penalty may not bring an action or file a complaint with any authority regarding the matters on which settlement has been reached and which have been recorded in the minutes.

(5) In case of settlement, the reduction rate to be applied to the administrative fine may not exceed fifty percent. For administrative fines in respect of which settlement has been requested under this Article, the prepayment discount under Article 17 of the Misdemeanours Law No. 5326 dated 30/3/2005 may not additionally be benefited from. Where settlement is reached on administrative fines made subject to settlement, the settlement minutes shall be served at the moment of settlement and the fines shall be paid within fifteen days from service.

(6) The attendance allowance and attendance fee to be paid to the chairs and members of the settlement commissions on account of their work in these commissions, and the related procedures and principles, shall be determined by the Ministry upon obtaining the favourable opinion of the Ministry of Finance.

(7) The procedures and principles relating to the establishment and functioning of the settlement commissions and to the applications to be made under this Article shall be governed by regulation.

(1) Amended: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 16 The administrative sanction decisions provided for in paragraphs 12 and 13 of Article 77 shall be given by the Advertising Board, and the administrative sanction decisions provided for in its other paragraphs shall be given by the Ministry. The Ministry may delegate this authority, in the provinces, to the provincial directorates of trade.

(2) Recourse to administrative judicial review may be made against administrative sanction decisions given under the provisions of this Law in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Law No. 2577 dated 6/1/1982. However, the action before the administrative court shall be brought within thirty days from the day following the service of the act. The filing of an action for annulment before the administrative court shall not stay the enforcement of the decision.

(3) Administrative fines imposed under this Law must be paid within one month from their service.

(1) The production, marketing, import and export of products which, although not food products, appear different from what they are owing to their shape, odour, colour, appearance, packaging, label, volume or dimensions, and which consequently endanger the health and safety of consumers by being confused with food products by consumers, in particular by children, shall be prohibited. Products which, although not food products, are produced in the form of food products as traditional handicraft products and which are not harmful to health shall be excluded from this provision, provided that they bear a warning sign and text.

(2) The Ministry shall be authorised to take the necessary measures and to make regulations against such products which, by appearing different from what they are, endanger the health and safety of consumers.

(3) The provisions of the Law on the Preparation and Implementation of Technical Legislation on Products shall apply with respect to the measures to be taken where such products placed on the market are found to be unsafe and to the notification of these measures to the European Commission.

(4) The Ministry shall be responsible for carrying out the market surveillance and inspection of products within this scope.

(5) The right of consumers who purchase food-imitating products to bring an action for the material and non-material damage they have suffered is reserved.

(1) A pyramid sales scheme is a system of unrealistic or very hard to realise expectations of gain which, in return for its participants contributing a certain amount of money or assets, gives them the hope of an opportunity to gain money or assets on condition that they find other participants for the system under the same conditions, and which makes the obtaining of the asset gain wholly or partly dependent on the other participants also acting in accordance with the conditions.

(2) The establishment, dissemination or recommendation of a pyramid sales scheme is prohibited.

(3) The Ministry is authorised to carry out the necessary examinations concerning pyramid sales schemes and to take the necessary measures in cooperation with the relevant public institutions or organisations, including, where applicable, the suspension of the electronic system in our country.

(1) The Ministry may make use of the laboratories of public or private institutions for the implementation of this Law. Test and inspection fees shall be covered from the budget of the Ministry.

(2) Where the results of the tests and inspections are found to be contrary to the relevant administrative and technical regulation, all related expenses shall be collected from the manufacturer or importer in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Receivables. The test and inspection fees collected shall be recorded as revenue to the budget.

(1) Expenses relating to the activities of the Advertising Board, the Advertising Council, the Consumer Council and the consumer arbitration committees, the expenses of the Ministry aimed at consumer protection and other expenditures shall be covered from the appropriation to be included in the budget of the Ministry.

(1) In cases for which there is no provision in this Law, the general provisions shall apply.

(2) The existence of provisions in other laws concerning transactions to which one of the parties is a consumer shall not prevent such transaction from being deemed a consumer transaction or the application of the provisions of this Law on jurisdiction and venue.

(1) The Ministry is authorised to take the necessary measures and to make the necessary arrangements within the framework of the legislation in connection with the implementation of this Law.

(2) The regulations provided for in this Law shall be issued by the Ministry within six months from the date on which the Law enters into force.

(3) In the secondary legislation to be issued by the Ministry, the opinions of the relevant public institutions and organisations, professional organisations having the status of public institutions, non-governmental organisations and professional associations shall be obtained.

(1) The positions set out in the annexed list have been created and added to the section relating to the Ministry of Customs and Trade of Schedule (I) annexed to Decree Law No. 190 of 13/12/1983 on General Staffing and Procedure.

(1) Law No. 4077 of 23/2/1995 on Consumer Protection has been repealed. References in other legislation to the Law on Consumer Protection shall be deemed to have been made to this Law.

(1) Actions filed before the date of entry into force of this Law shall continue to be heard in the courts in which they were filed.

(2) As a rule, consumer transactions entered into before the date of entry into force of this Law, whether they are legally binding and their consequences shall be governed by the provisions of the law that was in force when those transactions took place. However:

a) The provisions, contrary to this Law, of contracts concluded before the date of entry into force of this Law and still valid shall not apply as of the date of entry into force.

b) If peremptory periods and limitation periods that began to run before the date of entry into force of this Law have not expired, the peremptory period or limitation period shall expire upon the lapse of the period provided for in this Law.

(3) Until the regulations provided for in this Law enter into force, the provisions, not contrary to this Law, of the regulations and other legislation issued on the basis of the Law on Consumer Protection repealed by this Law shall apply.

Added: 22/7/2020, Law No. 7251, Art. 60

(1) The provisions of this Law on mediation as a precondition for filing an action shall not apply to actions pending before the courts of first instance, the regional courts of appeal and the Court of Cassation as of the date on which those provisions enter into force.

Added: 24/3/2022, Law No. 7392, Art. 17

(1) As a rule, consumer transactions entered into before the date of entry into force of this Article, whether they are legally binding and their consequences shall be governed by the provisions of the law that was in force when those transactions took place. However, the provisions, contrary to this Law, of consumer contracts of indefinite duration concluded before the date of entry into force of this Article and still valid shall not apply as of the date of entry into force of this Article.

(2) For immovables subject to timeshare holidays for which a building permit has been obtained as of the date of publication of this Article, for a period of five years from the date of publication of this Article, sales of timeshare property, of timeshare holidays conferring a right in rem attached to a co-ownership share or of timeshare holidays conferring a personal right may be made, including sales by the prepaid method; a timeshare holiday right may be granted by way of a partnership in a cooperative or commercial company or membership of an association or foundation; and persons who do not hold a right in rem over the property subject to the timeshare holiday may make timeshare holiday sales.

(3) Timeshare holiday contracts concluded before the date of publication of this Article and contracts concluded within the scope of the second paragraph shall be governed by the provisions of the Law as in force before the date of publication of this Article, including the provisions on administrative fines, together with the provision of the tenth paragraph of Article 50 as amended by the Law introducing this Article.

(4) For applications made to the consumer arbitration committees and actions filed before the courts pursuant to Articles 66, 68 and 73, the provisions on jurisdiction and venue in force on the date on which such applications were made and such actions were filed shall apply.

(1) This Law shall enter into force six months after the date of its publication.

(1) The provisions of this Law shall be executed by the Council of Ministers.

TABLE OF THE AMOUNTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE FINES

UNDER ARTICLE 77 OF LAW NO. 6502

ON CONSUMER PROTECTION

(Pursuant to the Communiqué on Administrative Fines to be Applied in 2026 under Article 77 of Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection, published in the Official Gazette dated 23/12/2025 and numbered 33116, the amounts of the administrative fines provided for in Article 77 of Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection shall be applied as follows as of 1/1/2026.)

Article 77 of Law No. 6502:

TRY

Fine amount under paragraph 1

subparagraph (a)

3.973

subparagraph (b)

3.973

Fine amount under paragraph 2

3.922

Fine amount under paragraph 3

19.827

Fine amount under paragraph 4

subparagraph (a)

31.902.048

22.329

Fine amount under paragraph 5

1.987.014

446.627

Fine amount under paragraph 6

3.922

Fine amount under paragraph 7

1.987.014

Fine amounts under paragraph 8

99.352.237

9.935.181

Fine amounts under paragraph 9

99.315

1.987.014

198.656

Fine amounts under paragraph 10

subparagraph (a)

3.190.204

3.187

subparagraph (b)

item 1

2.013.887

32.510

item 2

32.510

item 3

223.965

subparagraph (c)

3.973

Fine amount under paragraph 11

198.656

Fine amount under paragraph 12

subparagraph (a)

198.679

1.986.795

subparagraph (b)

3.991.652

39.916.524

subparagraph (c)

99.339

993.397

1.995.826

19.958.262

subparagraph (ç)

108.370

1.083.706

subparagraph (d)

1.083.706

10.837.065

subparagraph (e)

1.083.706

10.837.065

subparagraph (f)

505.729

5.057.297

subparagraph (g)

108.370

1.083.706

Fine amounts under paragraph 13

108.370

1.083.706

1.083.706

10.837.065

Fine amounts under paragraph 14

6.380.408

1.987.014

99.315

Fine amounts under paragraph 15

510.430

10.837.065

1.806.177

90.308

19.141.229

Fine amount under paragraph 16

3.922

Fine amount under paragraph 17

subparagraph (a)

6.274.500

2.760

subparagraph (b)

1.254.900

Lower and upper limits of the fine amount under paragraph 18

19.827-738.286

Lower and upper limits of the fine amount under paragraph 19

510.430-765.649.243

Within the scope of Provisional Article 3 added to Law No. 6502 by Article 17 of Law No. 7392 published in the Official Gazette dated 01.04.2022 and numbered 31796, in cases where an administrative fine is to be applied under the provisions of Law No. 6502 as in force before that amendment, of Article 77 of Law No. 6502 as in force before that amendment:

TRY

Fine amount under paragraph 3

19.827

Fine amounts under paragraph 4

397.376

19.827

Fine amount under paragraph 5

1.987.014

Fine amounts under paragraph 8

9.935.181

Lower limit of the fine amount under paragraph 19

496.719