Turkish Law in EnglishTÜRKİYE
Code of Civil Procedure

Article 202: Beginning of proof

Part Four: Proof and Evidence › Chapter Two: Documents and Deeds

(1) In cases where proof by deed is required, witnesses may be heard if there is a beginning of proof.

(2) A beginning of proof is a document which, although not sufficient to prove fully the legal transaction in question, makes that legal transaction appear probable and which has been issued or sent by the person against whom it is asserted or by that person's representative.

Original Turkish text

MADDE 202 · Delil başlangıcı

(1) Senetle ispat zorunluluğu bulunan hâllerde delil başlangıcı bulunursa tanık dinlenebilir.

(2) Delil başlangıcı, iddia konusu hukuki işlemin tamamen ispatına yeterli olmamakla birlikte, söz konusu hukuki işlemi muhtemel gösteren ve kendisine karşı ileri sürülen kimse veya temsilcisi tarafından verilmiş veya gönderilmiş belgedir.

Text as of 1 October 2026 · Official source (Turkish): mevzuat.gov.tr ↗

Unofficial translation for information only. The Turkish text published in the Official Gazette is the only authoritative version. This page is not legal advice.